Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a common transmissible ocular disease in semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ). In large outbreaks, IKC may affect tens of animals in a herd, with the most severe cases often requiring euthanasia due to the destruction of t...
Published in: | Viruses |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19553 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091007 |
id |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/19553 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/19553 2023-05-15T18:04:04+02:00 Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2 Sanchez Romano, Javier Sørensen, Karen Kristine Larsen, Anett Kristin Mørk, Torill Tryland, Morten 2020-09-09 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19553 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091007 eng eng MDPI Viruses https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/9/1007/htm Sanchez Romano, J., Sørensen, K.K., Larsen, A.K., Mørk, T., & Tryland, M. (2020). Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2. Viruses, 12 (9), 1007. FRIDAID 1837439 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091007 1999-4915 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19553 openAccess Copyright 2020 The Author(s) VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2020 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091007 2021-06-25T17:57:44Z Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a common transmissible ocular disease in semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ). In large outbreaks, IKC may affect tens of animals in a herd, with the most severe cases often requiring euthanasia due to the destruction of the affected eyes and permanent blindness. An experimental inoculation with cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2), alone or in combination with Moraxella bovoculi , demonstrated that CvHV2 has the ability to cause clinical signs of IKC in previously unexposed reindeer. Tissues collected from upper and lower eyelids, lacrimal gland and cornea, were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological analysis of the eyes inoculated with CvHV2 showed widespread and severe pathological findings. Mucosal tissues from these eyes showed fibrinous and purulent exudates, hyperemia, hemorrhages, necrosis, vascular thrombosis, vascular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and lymphoid follicle reaction, which matches the described histopathology of IKC in reindeer. Characteristic alpha-herpesvirus particles matching the size and morphology of CvHV2 were identified by transmission electron microscopy in the conjunctival tissue. The quantification of viral particles by qPCR revealed high copy numbers of viral DNA in all CvHV2 inoculated eyes, but also in the non-inoculated eyes of the same animals. The histopathology of eye tissues obtained from the CvHV2 inoculated reindeer and the lack of inflammation from bacterial infection, together with the detection of CvHV2 DNA in swabs from the inoculated and non-inoculated eyes of the same animals, verified that CvHV2 was the primary cause of the observed histopathological changes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Rangifer Rangifer tarandus Tundra University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Viruses 12 9 1007 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 Sanchez Romano, Javier Sørensen, Karen Kristine Larsen, Anett Kristin Mørk, Torill Tryland, Morten Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2 |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 |
description |
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a common transmissible ocular disease in semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ). In large outbreaks, IKC may affect tens of animals in a herd, with the most severe cases often requiring euthanasia due to the destruction of the affected eyes and permanent blindness. An experimental inoculation with cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2), alone or in combination with Moraxella bovoculi , demonstrated that CvHV2 has the ability to cause clinical signs of IKC in previously unexposed reindeer. Tissues collected from upper and lower eyelids, lacrimal gland and cornea, were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological analysis of the eyes inoculated with CvHV2 showed widespread and severe pathological findings. Mucosal tissues from these eyes showed fibrinous and purulent exudates, hyperemia, hemorrhages, necrosis, vascular thrombosis, vascular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and lymphoid follicle reaction, which matches the described histopathology of IKC in reindeer. Characteristic alpha-herpesvirus particles matching the size and morphology of CvHV2 were identified by transmission electron microscopy in the conjunctival tissue. The quantification of viral particles by qPCR revealed high copy numbers of viral DNA in all CvHV2 inoculated eyes, but also in the non-inoculated eyes of the same animals. The histopathology of eye tissues obtained from the CvHV2 inoculated reindeer and the lack of inflammation from bacterial infection, together with the detection of CvHV2 DNA in swabs from the inoculated and non-inoculated eyes of the same animals, verified that CvHV2 was the primary cause of the observed histopathological changes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sanchez Romano, Javier Sørensen, Karen Kristine Larsen, Anett Kristin Mørk, Torill Tryland, Morten |
author_facet |
Sanchez Romano, Javier Sørensen, Karen Kristine Larsen, Anett Kristin Mørk, Torill Tryland, Morten |
author_sort |
Sanchez Romano, Javier |
title |
Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2 |
title_short |
Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2 |
title_full |
Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2 |
title_fullStr |
Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2 |
title_sort |
ocular histopathological findings in semi-domesticated eurasian tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) with infectious keratoconjunctivitis after experimental inoculation with cervid herpesvirus 2 |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19553 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091007 |
genre |
Rangifer Rangifer tarandus Tundra |
genre_facet |
Rangifer Rangifer tarandus Tundra |
op_relation |
Viruses https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/9/1007/htm Sanchez Romano, J., Sørensen, K.K., Larsen, A.K., Mørk, T., & Tryland, M. (2020). Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2. Viruses, 12 (9), 1007. FRIDAID 1837439 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091007 1999-4915 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19553 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2020 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091007 |
container_title |
Viruses |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1007 |
_version_ |
1766175338733240320 |