High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research
Vegetation change has consequences for terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning and may involve climate feedbacks. Hence, when monitoring ecosystem states and changes thereof, the vegetation is often a primary monitoring target. Here, we summarize current understanding of vegetation change in...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19080 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/19080 2023-05-15T14:27:17+02:00 High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research Ravolainen, Virve Soininen, Eeva Marjatta Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Eischeid, Isabell Forchhammer, Mads C. van der Wal, René Pedersen, Åshild Ønvik 2020-01-18 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19080 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x eng eng Springer Eischeid, I. (2022). Tundra vegetation ecology from the sky - Aerial images and photogrammetry as tools to monitor landscape change. (Doctoral thesis). https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25016 . Ambio Ravolainen, Soininen, Jónsdóttir, Eischeid, Forchhammer, van der Wal, Pedersen. High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research. Ambio. 2020;49(3):666-677 FRIDAID 1816210 doi:10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x 0044-7447 1654-7209 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19080 openAccess Copyright 2020 The Author(s) VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2020 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x 2022-05-11T22:58:43Z Vegetation change has consequences for terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning and may involve climate feedbacks. Hence, when monitoring ecosystem states and changes thereof, the vegetation is often a primary monitoring target. Here, we summarize current understanding of vegetation change in the High Arctic—the World’s most rapidly warming region—in the context of ecosystem monitoring. To foster development of deployable monitoring strategies, we categorize different kinds of drivers (disturbances or stresses) of vegetation change either as pulse (i.e. drivers that occur as sudden and short events, though their effects may be long lasting) or press (i.e. drivers where change in conditions remains in place for a prolonged period, or slowly increases in pressure). To account for the great heterogeneity in vegetation responses to climate change and other drivers, we stress the need for increased use of ecosystem-specific conceptual models to guide monitoring and ecological studies in the Arctic. We discuss a conceptual model with three hypothesized alternative vegetation states characterized by mosses, herbaceous plants, and bare ground patches, respectively. We use moss-graminoid tundra of Svalbard as a case study to discuss the documented and potential impacts of different drivers on the possible transitions between those states. Our current understanding points to likely additive effects of herbivores and a warming climate, driving this ecosystem from a moss-dominated state with cool soils, shallow active layer and slow nutrient cycling to an ecosystem with warmer soil, deeper permafrost thaw, and faster nutrient cycling. Herbaceous-dominated vegetation and (patchy) bare ground would present two states in response to those drivers. Conceptual models are an operational tool to focus monitoring efforts towards management needs and identify the most pressing scientific questions. We promote greater use of conceptual models in conjunction with a state-and-transition framework in monitoring to ensure fit for purpose approaches. Defined expectations of the focal systems’ responses to different drivers also facilitate linking local and regional monitoring efforts to international initiatives, such as the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Circumpolar biodiversity monitoring program Climate change permafrost Svalbard Tundra University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Svalbard Ambio 49 3 666 677 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Ravolainen, Virve Soininen, Eeva Marjatta Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Eischeid, Isabell Forchhammer, Mads C. van der Wal, René Pedersen, Åshild Ønvik High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 |
description |
Vegetation change has consequences for terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning and may involve climate feedbacks. Hence, when monitoring ecosystem states and changes thereof, the vegetation is often a primary monitoring target. Here, we summarize current understanding of vegetation change in the High Arctic—the World’s most rapidly warming region—in the context of ecosystem monitoring. To foster development of deployable monitoring strategies, we categorize different kinds of drivers (disturbances or stresses) of vegetation change either as pulse (i.e. drivers that occur as sudden and short events, though their effects may be long lasting) or press (i.e. drivers where change in conditions remains in place for a prolonged period, or slowly increases in pressure). To account for the great heterogeneity in vegetation responses to climate change and other drivers, we stress the need for increased use of ecosystem-specific conceptual models to guide monitoring and ecological studies in the Arctic. We discuss a conceptual model with three hypothesized alternative vegetation states characterized by mosses, herbaceous plants, and bare ground patches, respectively. We use moss-graminoid tundra of Svalbard as a case study to discuss the documented and potential impacts of different drivers on the possible transitions between those states. Our current understanding points to likely additive effects of herbivores and a warming climate, driving this ecosystem from a moss-dominated state with cool soils, shallow active layer and slow nutrient cycling to an ecosystem with warmer soil, deeper permafrost thaw, and faster nutrient cycling. Herbaceous-dominated vegetation and (patchy) bare ground would present two states in response to those drivers. Conceptual models are an operational tool to focus monitoring efforts towards management needs and identify the most pressing scientific questions. We promote greater use of conceptual models in conjunction with a state-and-transition framework in monitoring to ensure fit for purpose approaches. Defined expectations of the focal systems’ responses to different drivers also facilitate linking local and regional monitoring efforts to international initiatives, such as the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ravolainen, Virve Soininen, Eeva Marjatta Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Eischeid, Isabell Forchhammer, Mads C. van der Wal, René Pedersen, Åshild Ønvik |
author_facet |
Ravolainen, Virve Soininen, Eeva Marjatta Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Eischeid, Isabell Forchhammer, Mads C. van der Wal, René Pedersen, Åshild Ønvik |
author_sort |
Ravolainen, Virve |
title |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_short |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_full |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_fullStr |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_full_unstemmed |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_sort |
high arctic ecosystem states: conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19080 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Circumpolar biodiversity monitoring program Climate change permafrost Svalbard Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Circumpolar biodiversity monitoring program Climate change permafrost Svalbard Tundra |
op_relation |
Eischeid, I. (2022). Tundra vegetation ecology from the sky - Aerial images and photogrammetry as tools to monitor landscape change. (Doctoral thesis). https://hdl.handle.net/10037/25016 . Ambio Ravolainen, Soininen, Jónsdóttir, Eischeid, Forchhammer, van der Wal, Pedersen. High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research. Ambio. 2020;49(3):666-677 FRIDAID 1816210 doi:10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x 0044-7447 1654-7209 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/19080 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2020 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x |
container_title |
Ambio |
container_volume |
49 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
666 |
op_container_end_page |
677 |
_version_ |
1766300934741164032 |