Possible influence of variations in the geomagnetic field on migration paths of snow buntings

• Published in: International Journal of Astrobiology
• Main Authors: Hall, Chris, Johnsen, Magnar Gullikstad
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge Universty Press 2019
• Subjects: VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Physics: 430::Astrophysics; astronomy: 438; VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Astrofysikk; astronomi: 438; VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Zoogeography: 486; VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Zoogeografi: 486; Kola Peninsula; North Pole; Norway; Svalbard; Finnmark; kola peninsula; Northern Norway; Plectrophenax nivalis
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18508; https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550419000193

A hypothesis is proposed wherein changes in the Earth’s magnetic field affect the migratory paths of snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis), and in particular from wintering grounds in the Russian/Ukrainian steppes to breeding grounds on Svalbard and with a typical stopover in Finnmark in northern Norway. If one were to assume ignorance of the secular movement of the magnetic north pole approximately 1500 km northwards between 1908 and 2020, the magnetoreceptor contribution to snow buntings’ navigation would result in winter-to-summer migratory paths progressively further to the East. In turn, this could be a contributing factor to declining populations in Finnmark and favouring a more frequent flightpath over the Kola Peninsula. On the other hand, short-term perturbations in the magnetic field (i.e. induced by solar activity) and therefore existing for a relatively small proportion of the flight time (if at all) for the individual migrations legs seem unlikely to influence the stopover locations significantly. Even so, these space-weather induced variations cannot be disregarded, particularly for success in reaching Svalbard.