Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Jelby, M.E., Grundvåg, S.‐A., Helland‐Hansen, W., Olaussen, S. & Stemmerik, L. (2020). Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification. Sed...
Published in: | Sedimentology |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18502 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/18502 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
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University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Sedimentology: 456 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Sedimentologi: 456 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Sedimentology: 456 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Sedimentologi: 456 Jelby, Mads Engholm Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas Helland-Hansen, William Olaussen, Snorre Stemmerik, Lars Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Sedimentology: 456 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Sedimentologi: 456 |
description |
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Jelby, M.E., Grundvåg, S.‐A., Helland‐Hansen, W., Olaussen, S. & Stemmerik, L. (2020). Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification. Sedimentology, 67 , 742-781, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions . The hydrodynamic mechanisms responsible for the genesis and facies variability of shallow‐marine sandstone storm deposits (tempestites) have been intensely debated, with particular focus on hummocky cross‐stratification. Despite being ubiquitously utilized as diagnostic elements of high‐energy storm events, the full formative process spectrum of tempestites and hummocky cross‐stratification is still to be determined. In this study, detailed sedimentological investigations of more than 950 discrete tempestites within the Lower Cretaceous Rurikfjellet Formation on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, shed new light on the formation and environmental significance of hummocky cross‐stratification, and provide a reference for evaluation of tempestite facies models. Three generic types of tempestites are recognized, representing deposition from: (i) relatively steady and (ii) highly unsteady storm‐wave‐generated oscillatory flows or oscillatory‐dominated combined‐flows; and (iii) various storm‐wave‐modified hyperpycnal flows (including waxing–waning flows) generated directly from plunging rivers. A low‐gradient ramp physiography enhanced both distally progressive deceleration of the hyperpycnal flows and the spatial extent and relative magnitude of wave‐added turbulence. Sandstone beds display a wide range of simple and complex configurations of hummocky cross‐stratification. Features include ripple cross‐lamination and ‘compound’ stratification, soft‐sediment deformation structures, local shifts to quasi‐planar lamination, double draping, metre‐scale channelized bed architectures, gravel‐rich intervals, ‘inverse to normal’ grading, and vertical alternation of sedimentary structures. A polygenetic model is presented to account for the various configurations of hummocky cross‐stratification that may commonly be produced during storms by wave oscillations, hyperpycnal flows and downwelling flows. Inherent storm‐wave unsteadiness probably facilitates the generation of a wide range of hummocky cross‐stratification configurations due to: (i) changes in near‐bed oscillatory shear stresses related to passing wave groups or tidal water‐level variations; (ii) multidirectional combined‐flows related to polymodal and time‐varying orientations of wave oscillations; and (iii) syndepositional liquefaction related to cyclic wave stress. Previous proximal–distal tempestite facies models may only be applicable to relatively high‐gradient shelves, and new models are necessary for low‐gradient settings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jelby, Mads Engholm Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas Helland-Hansen, William Olaussen, Snorre Stemmerik, Lars |
author_facet |
Jelby, Mads Engholm Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas Helland-Hansen, William Olaussen, Snorre Stemmerik, Lars |
author_sort |
Jelby, Mads Engholm |
title |
Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification |
title_short |
Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification |
title_full |
Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification |
title_fullStr |
Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification |
title_sort |
tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18502 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(6.470,6.470,62.608,62.608) ENVELOPE(18.217,18.217,77.983,77.983) |
geographic |
Helland Rurikfjellet Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Helland Rurikfjellet Svalbard |
genre |
Svalbard Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Svalbard Spitsbergen |
op_relation |
Sedimentology Jelby, M.E., Grundvåg, S.‐A., Helland‐Hansen, W., Olaussen, S. & Stemmerik, L. (2020). Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification. Sedimentology, 67 , 742-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 FRIDAID 1744428 doi:10.1111/sed.12671 0037-0746 1365-3091 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18502 |
op_rights |
openAccess © 2019 The Authors. Sedimentology © 2019 International Association of Sedimentologists |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 |
container_title |
Sedimentology |
container_volume |
67 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
742 |
op_container_end_page |
781 |
_version_ |
1766213321306931200 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/18502 2023-05-15T18:29:53+02:00 Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification Jelby, Mads Engholm Grundvåg, Sten-Andreas Helland-Hansen, William Olaussen, Snorre Stemmerik, Lars 2019-10-03 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18502 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 eng eng Wiley Sedimentology Jelby, M.E., Grundvåg, S.‐A., Helland‐Hansen, W., Olaussen, S. & Stemmerik, L. (2020). Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification. Sedimentology, 67 , 742-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 FRIDAID 1744428 doi:10.1111/sed.12671 0037-0746 1365-3091 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18502 openAccess © 2019 The Authors. Sedimentology © 2019 International Association of Sedimentologists VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Sedimentology: 456 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Sedimentologi: 456 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed acceptedVersion 2019 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 2021-06-25T17:56:54Z This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Jelby, M.E., Grundvåg, S.‐A., Helland‐Hansen, W., Olaussen, S. & Stemmerik, L. (2020). Tempestite facies variability and storm‐depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross‐stratification. Sedimentology, 67 , 742-781, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12671 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions . The hydrodynamic mechanisms responsible for the genesis and facies variability of shallow‐marine sandstone storm deposits (tempestites) have been intensely debated, with particular focus on hummocky cross‐stratification. Despite being ubiquitously utilized as diagnostic elements of high‐energy storm events, the full formative process spectrum of tempestites and hummocky cross‐stratification is still to be determined. In this study, detailed sedimentological investigations of more than 950 discrete tempestites within the Lower Cretaceous Rurikfjellet Formation on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, shed new light on the formation and environmental significance of hummocky cross‐stratification, and provide a reference for evaluation of tempestite facies models. Three generic types of tempestites are recognized, representing deposition from: (i) relatively steady and (ii) highly unsteady storm‐wave‐generated oscillatory flows or oscillatory‐dominated combined‐flows; and (iii) various storm‐wave‐modified hyperpycnal flows (including waxing–waning flows) generated directly from plunging rivers. A low‐gradient ramp physiography enhanced both distally progressive deceleration of the hyperpycnal flows and the spatial extent and relative magnitude of wave‐added turbulence. Sandstone beds display a wide range of simple and complex configurations of hummocky cross‐stratification. Features include ripple cross‐lamination and ‘compound’ stratification, soft‐sediment deformation structures, local shifts to quasi‐planar lamination, double draping, metre‐scale channelized bed architectures, gravel‐rich intervals, ‘inverse to normal’ grading, and vertical alternation of sedimentary structures. A polygenetic model is presented to account for the various configurations of hummocky cross‐stratification that may commonly be produced during storms by wave oscillations, hyperpycnal flows and downwelling flows. Inherent storm‐wave unsteadiness probably facilitates the generation of a wide range of hummocky cross‐stratification configurations due to: (i) changes in near‐bed oscillatory shear stresses related to passing wave groups or tidal water‐level variations; (ii) multidirectional combined‐flows related to polymodal and time‐varying orientations of wave oscillations; and (iii) syndepositional liquefaction related to cyclic wave stress. Previous proximal–distal tempestite facies models may only be applicable to relatively high‐gradient shelves, and new models are necessary for low‐gradient settings. Article in Journal/Newspaper Svalbard Spitsbergen University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Helland ENVELOPE(6.470,6.470,62.608,62.608) Rurikfjellet ENVELOPE(18.217,18.217,77.983,77.983) Svalbard Sedimentology 67 2 742 781 |