Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer
© Copyright 19 June 2019 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” un...
Published in: | Journal of Climate |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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American Meteorological Society
2019
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17426 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0643.1 |
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University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
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ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Graham, Robert Cohen, Lana Ritzhaupt, Nicole Segger, Benjamin Graversen, Rune Rinke, Anette Walden, Von P. Granskog, Mats Hudson, Stephen Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 |
description |
© Copyright 19 June 2019 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center ( http://www.copyright.com ). Questions about permission to use materials for which AMS holds the copyright can also be directed to permissions@ametsoc.org. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement, available on the AMS website ( http://www.ametsoc.org/CopyrightInformation ). This study evaluates the performance of six atmospheric reanalyses (ERA-Interim, ERA5, JRA-55, CFSv2, MERRA-2, and ASRv2) over Arctic sea ice from winter to early summer. The reanalyses are evaluated using observations from the Norwegian Young Sea Ice campaign (N-ICE2015), a 5-month ice drift in pack ice north of Svalbard. N-ICE2015 observations include surface meteorology, vertical profiles from radiosondes, as well as radiative and turbulent heat fluxes. The reanalyses simulate surface analysis variables well throughout the campaign, but have difficulties with most forecast variables. Wintertime (January–March) correlation coefficients between the reanalyses and observations are above 0.90 for the surface pressure, 2-m temperature, total column water vapor, and downward longwave flux. However, all reanalyses have a positive wintertime 2-m temperature bias, ranging from 1° to 4°C, and negative (i.e., upward) net longwave bias of 3–19 W m −2 . These biases are associated with poorly represented surface inversions and are largest during cold-stable periods. Notably, the recent ERA5 and ASRv2 datasets have some of the largest temperature and net longwave biases, respectively. During spring (April–May), reanalyses fail to simulate observed persistent cloud layers. Therefore they overestimate the net shortwave flux (5–79 W m −2 ) and underestimate the net longwave flux (8–38 W m −2 ). Promisingly, ERA5 provides the best estimates of downward radiative fluxes in spring and summer, suggesting improved forecasting of Arctic cloud cover. All reanalyses exhibit large negative (upward) residual heat flux biases during winter, and positive (downward) biases during summer. Turbulent heat fluxes over sea ice are simulated poorly in all seasons. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Graham, Robert Cohen, Lana Ritzhaupt, Nicole Segger, Benjamin Graversen, Rune Rinke, Anette Walden, Von P. Granskog, Mats Hudson, Stephen |
author_facet |
Graham, Robert Cohen, Lana Ritzhaupt, Nicole Segger, Benjamin Graversen, Rune Rinke, Anette Walden, Von P. Granskog, Mats Hudson, Stephen |
author_sort |
Graham, Robert |
title |
Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer |
title_short |
Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer |
title_full |
Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer |
title_sort |
evaluation of six atmospheric reanalyses over arctic sea ice from winter to early summer |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17426 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0643.1 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) |
geographic |
Arctic Merra Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Merra Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Sea ice Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Sea ice Svalbard |
op_relation |
Journal of Climate Graham R, Cohen L, Ritzhaupt, Segger, Graversen R, Rinke A, Walden VP, Granskog M, Hudson S. Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer. Journal of Climate. 2019;32(14):4121-4143 FRIDAID 1724248 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0643.1 0894-8755 1520-0442 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17426 |
op_rights |
openAccess © 2019 American Meteorological Society |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0643.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
32 |
container_issue |
14 |
container_start_page |
4121 |
op_container_end_page |
4143 |
_version_ |
1766298894721875968 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/17426 2023-05-15T14:26:22+02:00 Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer Graham, Robert Cohen, Lana Ritzhaupt, Nicole Segger, Benjamin Graversen, Rune Rinke, Anette Walden, Von P. Granskog, Mats Hudson, Stephen 2019-06-19 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17426 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0643.1 eng eng American Meteorological Society Journal of Climate Graham R, Cohen L, Ritzhaupt, Segger, Graversen R, Rinke A, Walden VP, Granskog M, Hudson S. Evaluation of Six Atmospheric Reanalyses over Arctic Sea Ice from Winter to Early Summer. Journal of Climate. 2019;32(14):4121-4143 FRIDAID 1724248 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0643.1 0894-8755 1520-0442 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17426 openAccess © 2019 American Meteorological Society VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2019 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0643.1 2021-06-25T17:57:15Z © Copyright 19 June 2019 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center ( http://www.copyright.com ). Questions about permission to use materials for which AMS holds the copyright can also be directed to permissions@ametsoc.org. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement, available on the AMS website ( http://www.ametsoc.org/CopyrightInformation ). This study evaluates the performance of six atmospheric reanalyses (ERA-Interim, ERA5, JRA-55, CFSv2, MERRA-2, and ASRv2) over Arctic sea ice from winter to early summer. The reanalyses are evaluated using observations from the Norwegian Young Sea Ice campaign (N-ICE2015), a 5-month ice drift in pack ice north of Svalbard. N-ICE2015 observations include surface meteorology, vertical profiles from radiosondes, as well as radiative and turbulent heat fluxes. The reanalyses simulate surface analysis variables well throughout the campaign, but have difficulties with most forecast variables. Wintertime (January–March) correlation coefficients between the reanalyses and observations are above 0.90 for the surface pressure, 2-m temperature, total column water vapor, and downward longwave flux. However, all reanalyses have a positive wintertime 2-m temperature bias, ranging from 1° to 4°C, and negative (i.e., upward) net longwave bias of 3–19 W m −2 . These biases are associated with poorly represented surface inversions and are largest during cold-stable periods. Notably, the recent ERA5 and ASRv2 datasets have some of the largest temperature and net longwave biases, respectively. During spring (April–May), reanalyses fail to simulate observed persistent cloud layers. Therefore they overestimate the net shortwave flux (5–79 W m −2 ) and underestimate the net longwave flux (8–38 W m −2 ). Promisingly, ERA5 provides the best estimates of downward radiative fluxes in spring and summer, suggesting improved forecasting of Arctic cloud cover. All reanalyses exhibit large negative (upward) residual heat flux biases during winter, and positive (downward) biases during summer. Turbulent heat fluxes over sea ice are simulated poorly in all seasons. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Sea ice Svalbard University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Merra ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) Svalbard Journal of Climate 32 14 4121 4143 |