Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity
Ocean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect biological and ecosystem processes in marine habitats. The Arctic Ocean is the region of the world experiencing climate change at the steepest rate compared with other latitudes. Since marine plankto...
Published in: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17205 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/17205 2023-05-15T14:26:22+02:00 Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity Vaqué, Dolors Lara, Elena Arrieta, Jesús M. Holding, Johnna Sa, Elisabet L Hendriks, Iris E. Coello-Camba, Alexandra Alvarez, Marta Agusti, Susana Wassmann, Paul Duarte, Carlos M. 2019-03-20 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17205 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494 eng eng Frontiers Frontiers in Microbiology EU: 226248 Vaqué, D., Lara,E., Arrieta, J.M., Holding, J., Sa, E.L., Hendriks, I.E., Coello-Camba, A., Alvarez, M., Agusti, S., Wassmann, P.F., Duarte, C.M.(2019) Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10 , 494, 13 s. FRIDAID 1745884 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494 1664-302X https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17205 openAccess Copyright 2019 The Author(s) VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed publishedVersion 2019 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494 2021-06-25T17:57:03Z Ocean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect biological and ecosystem processes in marine habitats. The Arctic Ocean is the region of the world experiencing climate change at the steepest rate compared with other latitudes. Since marine planktonic microorganisms play a key role in the biogeochemical cycles in the ocean it is crucial to simultaneously evaluate the effect of warming and increasing CO2 on marine microbial communities. In 20 L experimental microcosms filled with water from a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard), we examined changes in phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial abundances and processes [bacterial production (BP) and mortality], and viral activity (lytic and lysogenic) in relation to warming and elevated CO2. The summer microbial plankton community living at 1.4°C in situ temperature, was exposed to increased CO2 concentrations (135–2,318 μatm) in three controlled temperature treatments (1, 6, and 10°C) at the UNIS installations in Longyearbyen (Svalbard), in summer 2010. Results showed that chlorophyll a concentration decreased at increasing temperatures, while BP significantly increased with pCO2 at 6 and 10°C. Lytic viral production was not affected by changes in pCO2 and temperature, while lysogeny increased significantly at increasing levels of pCO2, especially at 10°C (R2 = 0.858, p = 0.02). Moreover, protistan grazing rates showed a positive interaction between pCO2 and temperature. The averaged percentage of bacteria grazed per day was higher (19.56 ± 2.77% d-1) than the averaged percentage of lysed bacteria by virus (7.18 ± 1.50% d-1) for all treatments. Furthermore, the relationship among microbial abundances and processes showed that BP was significantly related to phototrophic pico/nanoflagellate abundance in the 1°C and the 6°C treatments, and BP triggered viral activity, mainly lysogeny at 6 and 10°C, while bacterial mortality rates was significantly related to bacterial abundances at 6°C. Consequently, our experimental results suggested that future increases in water temperature and pCO2 in Arctic waters will produce a decrease of phytoplankton biomass, enhancement of BP and changes in the carbon fluxes within the microbial food web. All these heterotrophic processes will contribute to weakening the CO2 sink capacity of the Arctic plankton community. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Longyearbyen Ocean acidification Phytoplankton Svalbard UNIS University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Arctic Ocean Longyearbyen Svalbard Frontiers in Microbiology 10 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 Vaqué, Dolors Lara, Elena Arrieta, Jesús M. Holding, Johnna Sa, Elisabet L Hendriks, Iris E. Coello-Camba, Alexandra Alvarez, Marta Agusti, Susana Wassmann, Paul Duarte, Carlos M. Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 |
description |
Ocean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect biological and ecosystem processes in marine habitats. The Arctic Ocean is the region of the world experiencing climate change at the steepest rate compared with other latitudes. Since marine planktonic microorganisms play a key role in the biogeochemical cycles in the ocean it is crucial to simultaneously evaluate the effect of warming and increasing CO2 on marine microbial communities. In 20 L experimental microcosms filled with water from a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard), we examined changes in phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial abundances and processes [bacterial production (BP) and mortality], and viral activity (lytic and lysogenic) in relation to warming and elevated CO2. The summer microbial plankton community living at 1.4°C in situ temperature, was exposed to increased CO2 concentrations (135–2,318 μatm) in three controlled temperature treatments (1, 6, and 10°C) at the UNIS installations in Longyearbyen (Svalbard), in summer 2010. Results showed that chlorophyll a concentration decreased at increasing temperatures, while BP significantly increased with pCO2 at 6 and 10°C. Lytic viral production was not affected by changes in pCO2 and temperature, while lysogeny increased significantly at increasing levels of pCO2, especially at 10°C (R2 = 0.858, p = 0.02). Moreover, protistan grazing rates showed a positive interaction between pCO2 and temperature. The averaged percentage of bacteria grazed per day was higher (19.56 ± 2.77% d-1) than the averaged percentage of lysed bacteria by virus (7.18 ± 1.50% d-1) for all treatments. Furthermore, the relationship among microbial abundances and processes showed that BP was significantly related to phototrophic pico/nanoflagellate abundance in the 1°C and the 6°C treatments, and BP triggered viral activity, mainly lysogeny at 6 and 10°C, while bacterial mortality rates was significantly related to bacterial abundances at 6°C. Consequently, our experimental results suggested that future increases in water temperature and pCO2 in Arctic waters will produce a decrease of phytoplankton biomass, enhancement of BP and changes in the carbon fluxes within the microbial food web. All these heterotrophic processes will contribute to weakening the CO2 sink capacity of the Arctic plankton community. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vaqué, Dolors Lara, Elena Arrieta, Jesús M. Holding, Johnna Sa, Elisabet L Hendriks, Iris E. Coello-Camba, Alexandra Alvarez, Marta Agusti, Susana Wassmann, Paul Duarte, Carlos M. |
author_facet |
Vaqué, Dolors Lara, Elena Arrieta, Jesús M. Holding, Johnna Sa, Elisabet L Hendriks, Iris E. Coello-Camba, Alexandra Alvarez, Marta Agusti, Susana Wassmann, Paul Duarte, Carlos M. |
author_sort |
Vaqué, Dolors |
title |
Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity |
title_short |
Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity |
title_full |
Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity |
title_fullStr |
Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity |
title_sort |
warming and co2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity |
publisher |
Frontiers |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17205 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Longyearbyen Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Longyearbyen Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Longyearbyen Ocean acidification Phytoplankton Svalbard UNIS |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Longyearbyen Ocean acidification Phytoplankton Svalbard UNIS |
op_relation |
Frontiers in Microbiology EU: 226248 Vaqué, D., Lara,E., Arrieta, J.M., Holding, J., Sa, E.L., Hendriks, I.E., Coello-Camba, A., Alvarez, M., Agusti, S., Wassmann, P.F., Duarte, C.M.(2019) Warming and CO2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10 , 494, 13 s. FRIDAID 1745884 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494 1664-302X https://hdl.handle.net/10037/17205 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2019 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
10 |
_version_ |
1766298893594656768 |