Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest?
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Vindstad, O.P.L., Jepsen, J.U., Ek, M., Pepi, A. & Ims, R.A. (2018). Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? Journal of Ecology . https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093, which has been publ...
Published in: | Journal of Ecology |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/14170 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/14170 |
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openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 Critical threshold Epirrita autumnata facilitation forest regeneration Global change ecology Operophtera brumata positive feedback range expansion |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 Critical threshold Epirrita autumnata facilitation forest regeneration Global change ecology Operophtera brumata positive feedback range expansion Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo Jepsen, Jane Uhd Ek, Malin Pepi, Adam A. Ims, Rolf Anker Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? |
topic_facet |
VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 Critical threshold Epirrita autumnata facilitation forest regeneration Global change ecology Operophtera brumata positive feedback range expansion |
description |
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Vindstad, O.P.L., Jepsen, J.U., Ek, M., Pepi, A. & Ims, R.A. (2018). Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? Journal of Ecology . https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. 1.The boreal biome exhibits distinct alternative ecosystem states with high and low levels of tree cover. Insect outbreaks facilitated by climate warming could potentially drive transitions from high to low tree cover states. We investigated whether two key premises for such outbreak‐induced transitions – critical thresholds (tipping points) and positive feedbacks that could maintain alternative states – are present in the northern‐boreal mountain birch forest of Fennoscandia. Here, climate warming has promoted range expansions of defoliating geometrid moths, resulting in novel, severe multispecies outbreaks, most recently during 2002‐2010. 2.We conducted regional‐scale field surveys of forest damage and recovery in 280 mountain birch stands in a northeast Norway immediately after the outbreak (2010) and six years later (2016). Satellite‐derived time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) provided an index of stand defoliation during the outbreak period. 3.The proportion of dead stems per stand displayed a bimodal distribution, with stands generally being either lightly or severely damaged. This was due to a critical threshold in the relationship between defoliation and stem mortality, with mortality rates increasing abruptly in stands experiencing a mean drop in NDVI of more than 4% during the outbreak. The two key forest regenerative pathways – basal sprouting and sapling production – both displayed positive feedbacks with surviving stems and trees, so that regeneration success declined with increasing damage to the mature tree layer. These feedbacks imply that stands which have been forced across critical defoliation thresholds and suffered collapses of living tree cover may struggle to recover, especially if the loss of positive regenerative feedbacks is compounded by ungulate browsing on birch recruits. 4.Synthesis. The north Fennoscandian mountain birch forest displays critical thresholds and positive feedbacks that conform to theoretical expectations for a system that could be vulnerable to abrupt and persistent changes of state in the face of novel, climatically facilitated insect outbreaks. These findings deepen the understanding of the persistent losses of tree cover that have occasionally been observed after outbreaks in this system in the past, and add to the list of mechanisms that could help explain the bistability of tree cover across the boreal biome. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo Jepsen, Jane Uhd Ek, Malin Pepi, Adam A. Ims, Rolf Anker |
author_facet |
Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo Jepsen, Jane Uhd Ek, Malin Pepi, Adam A. Ims, Rolf Anker |
author_sort |
Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo |
title |
Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? |
title_short |
Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? |
title_full |
Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? |
title_fullStr |
Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? |
title_sort |
can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/14170 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(13.004,13.004,67.959,67.959) |
geographic |
Norway Vindstad |
geographic_facet |
Norway Vindstad |
genre |
Fennoscandia Fennoscandian |
genre_facet |
Fennoscandia Fennoscandian |
op_relation |
Journal of Ecology Vindstad, O.P.L., Jepsen, J.U., Ek, M., Pepi, A. & Ims, R.A. (2018). Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? Journal of Ecology . https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 FRIDAID 1629584 doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13093 0022-0477 1365-2745 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/14170 |
op_rights |
openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 |
container_title |
Journal of Ecology |
container_volume |
107 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1141 |
op_container_end_page |
1153 |
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1765997656643993600 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/14170 2023-05-15T16:12:21+02:00 Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo Jepsen, Jane Uhd Ek, Malin Pepi, Adam A. Ims, Rolf Anker 2018-11-04 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/14170 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 eng eng Wiley Journal of Ecology Vindstad, O.P.L., Jepsen, J.U., Ek, M., Pepi, A. & Ims, R.A. (2018). Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? Journal of Ecology . https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 FRIDAID 1629584 doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13093 0022-0477 1365-2745 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/14170 openAccess VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480 Critical threshold Epirrita autumnata facilitation forest regeneration Global change ecology Operophtera brumata positive feedback range expansion Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed 2018 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 2021-06-25T17:56:12Z This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Vindstad, O.P.L., Jepsen, J.U., Ek, M., Pepi, A. & Ims, R.A. (2018). Can novel pest outbreaks drive ecosystem transitions in northern-boreal birch forest? Journal of Ecology . https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13093 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. 1.The boreal biome exhibits distinct alternative ecosystem states with high and low levels of tree cover. Insect outbreaks facilitated by climate warming could potentially drive transitions from high to low tree cover states. We investigated whether two key premises for such outbreak‐induced transitions – critical thresholds (tipping points) and positive feedbacks that could maintain alternative states – are present in the northern‐boreal mountain birch forest of Fennoscandia. Here, climate warming has promoted range expansions of defoliating geometrid moths, resulting in novel, severe multispecies outbreaks, most recently during 2002‐2010. 2.We conducted regional‐scale field surveys of forest damage and recovery in 280 mountain birch stands in a northeast Norway immediately after the outbreak (2010) and six years later (2016). Satellite‐derived time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) provided an index of stand defoliation during the outbreak period. 3.The proportion of dead stems per stand displayed a bimodal distribution, with stands generally being either lightly or severely damaged. This was due to a critical threshold in the relationship between defoliation and stem mortality, with mortality rates increasing abruptly in stands experiencing a mean drop in NDVI of more than 4% during the outbreak. The two key forest regenerative pathways – basal sprouting and sapling production – both displayed positive feedbacks with surviving stems and trees, so that regeneration success declined with increasing damage to the mature tree layer. These feedbacks imply that stands which have been forced across critical defoliation thresholds and suffered collapses of living tree cover may struggle to recover, especially if the loss of positive regenerative feedbacks is compounded by ungulate browsing on birch recruits. 4.Synthesis. The north Fennoscandian mountain birch forest displays critical thresholds and positive feedbacks that conform to theoretical expectations for a system that could be vulnerable to abrupt and persistent changes of state in the face of novel, climatically facilitated insect outbreaks. These findings deepen the understanding of the persistent losses of tree cover that have occasionally been observed after outbreaks in this system in the past, and add to the list of mechanisms that could help explain the bistability of tree cover across the boreal biome. Article in Journal/Newspaper Fennoscandia Fennoscandian University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Norway Vindstad ENVELOPE(13.004,13.004,67.959,67.959) Journal of Ecology 107 3 1141 1153 |