Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface
Source at https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 . Meltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet surface influences surface mass balance (SMB), ice dynamics, and global sea level rise, but is estimated with climate models and thus difficult to validate. We present a way to measure ice surface runof...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
National Academy of Sciences
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/13736 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 |
id |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/13736 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/13736 2023-05-15T14:25:38+02:00 Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface Smith, Laurence C. Yang, Kang Pitcher, Lincoln H. Overstreet, Brandon T. Chu, Vena W. Rennermalm, Åsa K. Ryan, Jonathan C. Cooper, Matthew G. Gleason, Colin J. Tedesco, Marco Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth van As, Dirk van den Broeke, Michiel R. van de Berg, Willem Jan Noël, Brice Langen, Peter L. Cullather, Richard I. Zhao, Bin Willis, Michael J. Hubbard, Alun Lloyd Box, Jason E. Jenner, Brittany A. Behar, Alberto E. 2017-12-05 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/13736 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 eng eng National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/SFF/223259/Norway/Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate/CAGE/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7-IDEAS-ERC/610055/EU/Arctic Sea Ice and Greenland Ice Sheet Sensitivity/ICE2ICE/ Smith, L.C., Yang, K., Pitcher, L.H., Overstreet, B.T., Chu, V.W., Rennermalm, Å.K., . Behar, A.E. (2017). Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(50), 10622-10631. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 FRIDAID 1523709 doi:10.1073/pnas.1707743114 0027-8424 1091-6490 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/13736 openAccess ice sheet meltwater runoff surface mass balance climate models fluvial catchment surface water hydrology VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Hydrologi: 454 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Hydrology: 454 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed 2017 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 2021-06-25T17:55:39Z Source at https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 . Meltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet surface influences surface mass balance (SMB), ice dynamics, and global sea level rise, but is estimated with climate models and thus difficult to validate. We present a way to measure ice surface runoff directly, from hourly in situ supraglacial river discharge measurements and simultaneous high-resolution satellite/drone remote sensing of upstream fluvial catchment area. A first 72-h trial for a 63.1-km 2 moulin-terminating internally drained catchment (IDC) on Greenland’s midelevation (1,207–1,381 m above sea level) ablation zone is compared with melt and runoff simulations from HIRHAM5, MAR3.6, RACMO2.3, MERRA-2, and SEB climate/SMB models. Current models cannot reproduce peak discharges or timing of runoff entering moulins but are improved using synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) theory. Retroactive SUH applications to two older field studies reproduce their findings, signifying that remotely sensed IDC area, shape, and supraglacial river length are useful for predicting delays in peak runoff delivery to moulins. Applying SUH to HIRHAM5, MAR3.6, and RACMO2.3 gridded melt products for 799 surrounding IDCs suggests their terminal moulins receive lower peak discharges, less diurnal variability, and asynchronous runoff timing relative to climate/SMB model output alone. Conversely, large IDCs produce high moulin discharges, even at high elevations where melt rates are low. During this particular field experiment, models overestimated runoff by +21 to +58%, linked to overestimated surface ablation and possible meltwater retention in bare, porous, low-density ice. Direct measurements of ice surface runoff will improve climate/SMB models, and incorporating remotely sensed IDCs will aid coupling of SMB with ice dynamics and subglacial systems. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Greenland Ice Sheet University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Greenland Merra ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 50 E10622 E10631 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
ice sheet meltwater runoff surface mass balance climate models fluvial catchment surface water hydrology VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Hydrologi: 454 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Hydrology: 454 |
spellingShingle |
ice sheet meltwater runoff surface mass balance climate models fluvial catchment surface water hydrology VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Hydrologi: 454 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Hydrology: 454 Smith, Laurence C. Yang, Kang Pitcher, Lincoln H. Overstreet, Brandon T. Chu, Vena W. Rennermalm, Åsa K. Ryan, Jonathan C. Cooper, Matthew G. Gleason, Colin J. Tedesco, Marco Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth van As, Dirk van den Broeke, Michiel R. van de Berg, Willem Jan Noël, Brice Langen, Peter L. Cullather, Richard I. Zhao, Bin Willis, Michael J. Hubbard, Alun Lloyd Box, Jason E. Jenner, Brittany A. Behar, Alberto E. Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface |
topic_facet |
ice sheet meltwater runoff surface mass balance climate models fluvial catchment surface water hydrology VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Hydrologi: 454 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Hydrology: 454 |
description |
Source at https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 . Meltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet surface influences surface mass balance (SMB), ice dynamics, and global sea level rise, but is estimated with climate models and thus difficult to validate. We present a way to measure ice surface runoff directly, from hourly in situ supraglacial river discharge measurements and simultaneous high-resolution satellite/drone remote sensing of upstream fluvial catchment area. A first 72-h trial for a 63.1-km 2 moulin-terminating internally drained catchment (IDC) on Greenland’s midelevation (1,207–1,381 m above sea level) ablation zone is compared with melt and runoff simulations from HIRHAM5, MAR3.6, RACMO2.3, MERRA-2, and SEB climate/SMB models. Current models cannot reproduce peak discharges or timing of runoff entering moulins but are improved using synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) theory. Retroactive SUH applications to two older field studies reproduce their findings, signifying that remotely sensed IDC area, shape, and supraglacial river length are useful for predicting delays in peak runoff delivery to moulins. Applying SUH to HIRHAM5, MAR3.6, and RACMO2.3 gridded melt products for 799 surrounding IDCs suggests their terminal moulins receive lower peak discharges, less diurnal variability, and asynchronous runoff timing relative to climate/SMB model output alone. Conversely, large IDCs produce high moulin discharges, even at high elevations where melt rates are low. During this particular field experiment, models overestimated runoff by +21 to +58%, linked to overestimated surface ablation and possible meltwater retention in bare, porous, low-density ice. Direct measurements of ice surface runoff will improve climate/SMB models, and incorporating remotely sensed IDCs will aid coupling of SMB with ice dynamics and subglacial systems. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Smith, Laurence C. Yang, Kang Pitcher, Lincoln H. Overstreet, Brandon T. Chu, Vena W. Rennermalm, Åsa K. Ryan, Jonathan C. Cooper, Matthew G. Gleason, Colin J. Tedesco, Marco Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth van As, Dirk van den Broeke, Michiel R. van de Berg, Willem Jan Noël, Brice Langen, Peter L. Cullather, Richard I. Zhao, Bin Willis, Michael J. Hubbard, Alun Lloyd Box, Jason E. Jenner, Brittany A. Behar, Alberto E. |
author_facet |
Smith, Laurence C. Yang, Kang Pitcher, Lincoln H. Overstreet, Brandon T. Chu, Vena W. Rennermalm, Åsa K. Ryan, Jonathan C. Cooper, Matthew G. Gleason, Colin J. Tedesco, Marco Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth van As, Dirk van den Broeke, Michiel R. van de Berg, Willem Jan Noël, Brice Langen, Peter L. Cullather, Richard I. Zhao, Bin Willis, Michael J. Hubbard, Alun Lloyd Box, Jason E. Jenner, Brittany A. Behar, Alberto E. |
author_sort |
Smith, Laurence C. |
title |
Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface |
title_short |
Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface |
title_full |
Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface |
title_fullStr |
Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface |
title_full_unstemmed |
Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface |
title_sort |
direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the greenland ice sheet surface |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/13736 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) |
geographic |
Greenland Merra |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Merra |
genre |
Arctic Greenland Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland Ice Sheet |
op_relation |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/SFF/223259/Norway/Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate/CAGE/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7-IDEAS-ERC/610055/EU/Arctic Sea Ice and Greenland Ice Sheet Sensitivity/ICE2ICE/ Smith, L.C., Yang, K., Pitcher, L.H., Overstreet, B.T., Chu, V.W., Rennermalm, Å.K., . Behar, A.E. (2017). Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(50), 10622-10631. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 FRIDAID 1523709 doi:10.1073/pnas.1707743114 0027-8424 1091-6490 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/13736 |
op_rights |
openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
114 |
container_issue |
50 |
container_start_page |
E10622 |
op_container_end_page |
E10631 |
_version_ |
1766298082225422336 |