Benthic communities at high-Arctic cold seeps: Faunal response to methane seepage in Svalbard
The paper III is not available in Munin. Paper III: Åström Hammenstig E. K. L., Carroll, M. L., Sen, A., Niemann, H., Ambrose, W. G., Lehman F.M., & Carroll, J.Trophic interactions and community structure at Barents Sea cold seeps. (Manuscript). Paper IV: Åström, E. K. L., Oliver, P. G., & C...
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Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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UiT Norges arktiske universitet
2018
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/12795 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/12795 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic Methane Cold seeps Chemosynthesis Benthic communities Svalbard VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 DOKTOR-004 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic Methane Cold seeps Chemosynthesis Benthic communities Svalbard VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 DOKTOR-004 Åström, Emmelie Benthic communities at high-Arctic cold seeps: Faunal response to methane seepage in Svalbard |
topic_facet |
Arctic Methane Cold seeps Chemosynthesis Benthic communities Svalbard VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 DOKTOR-004 |
description |
The paper III is not available in Munin. Paper III: Åström Hammenstig E. K. L., Carroll, M. L., Sen, A., Niemann, H., Ambrose, W. G., Lehman F.M., & Carroll, J.Trophic interactions and community structure at Barents Sea cold seeps. (Manuscript). Paper IV: Åström, E. K. L., Oliver, P. G., & Carroll, M. L. (2017). A new Genus and two new Species of Thyasiridae Associated with Methane Seeps off Svalbard, Arctic Ocean. Available in Marine Biology Research, 13(4), 402–416. . Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/12794 Cold seeps are chemosynthetic habitats found in both deep sea and shallow ocean-shelves worldwide, including the polar regions. At seeps, hydrocarbons, sulfide, and other reduced compounds emerge from the seafloor, providing energy to fuel chemoautotrophic production. Microbial assemblages, supported by the oxidation and reduction of gases and fluids, form the base of a food web composing unique and specialized cold-seep ecosystems. Several methane cold seeps have been documented in the high-Arctic, offshore Svalbard and in the Barents Sea, within the depth range of 85-1200 m. The widespread seabed gas seepage in these areas can be a strong environmental driver, influencing the local seafloor conditions and biosphere, including benthic community structure and ecosystem function. The primary aim of this doctoral thesis has been to describe the current seep-associated communities and habitats located on the shelf of western Svalbard and in the Barents Sea. This included determining the ecological structure, diversity and food web interactions of macrofaunal assemblages at high-Arctic cold seeps, describing how they compare with conventional non-seep communities, and examining the interaction between seep and non-seep communities where they co-occur. Key findings from the study are: 1) Cold seeps have a strong, localized effect over small spatial scales, supporting dense communities of small chemosymbiotic worms that play a fundamental role in structuring the seabed animal community 2) Cold seeps are identified as focal areas for the biosphere, providing heterogeneous substrates and additional food resources independent of photosynthetic sources from the surface ocean, resulting in animal aggregations at these habitats. 3) Methane-derived carbon is incorporated into the food web of the Barents Sea ecosystem. 4) The discovery of two new species of methane-associated bivalves at Svalbard cold seeps. Cold seeps in the Arctic are of high ecological importance and methane is a key environmental driver of the biological system. Characteristic seep features, such as methane derived carbonate rocks and chemosymbiotic worm tufts, add complexity and 3D structure to the otherwise relatively flat and barren seafloor. Cold seeps provide shelter and substrate to both infauna and sessile organisms at seafloor, and to larger motile animals. Furthermore, cold seeps and seabed methane emissions add a supplementary energy source into the Arctic ecosystem. By combining results of analyses from different benthic habitats, this doctoral research project provides new insights into Arctic faunal community patterns at high-latitude cold seeps. |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Åström, Emmelie |
author_facet |
Åström, Emmelie |
author_sort |
Åström, Emmelie |
title |
Benthic communities at high-Arctic cold seeps: Faunal response to methane seepage in Svalbard |
title_short |
Benthic communities at high-Arctic cold seeps: Faunal response to methane seepage in Svalbard |
title_full |
Benthic communities at high-Arctic cold seeps: Faunal response to methane seepage in Svalbard |
title_fullStr |
Benthic communities at high-Arctic cold seeps: Faunal response to methane seepage in Svalbard |
title_full_unstemmed |
Benthic communities at high-Arctic cold seeps: Faunal response to methane seepage in Svalbard |
title_sort |
benthic communities at high-arctic cold seeps: faunal response to methane seepage in svalbard |
publisher |
UiT Norges arktiske universitet |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/12795 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-81.183,-81.183,50.800,50.800) |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Carroll Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Carroll Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic arctic methane Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic arctic methane Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Svalbard |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/SFF/223259/NORWAY/Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate/CAGE/ 978-82-8236-290-0 (trykt) og 978-82-8236-291-7 (pdf) https://hdl.handle.net/10037/12795 |
op_rights |
openAccess Copyright 2018 The Author(s) |
_version_ |
1766296310883811328 |
spelling |
ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/12795 2023-05-15T14:23:50+02:00 Benthic communities at high-Arctic cold seeps: Faunal response to methane seepage in Svalbard Åström, Emmelie 2018-03-20 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/12795 eng eng UiT Norges arktiske universitet UiT The Arctic University of Norway info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/SFF/223259/NORWAY/Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate/CAGE/ 978-82-8236-290-0 (trykt) og 978-82-8236-291-7 (pdf) https://hdl.handle.net/10037/12795 openAccess Copyright 2018 The Author(s) Arctic Methane Cold seeps Chemosynthesis Benthic communities Svalbard VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 DOKTOR-004 Doctoral thesis Doktorgradsavhandling 2018 ftunivtroemsoe 2021-06-25T17:55:56Z The paper III is not available in Munin. Paper III: Åström Hammenstig E. K. L., Carroll, M. L., Sen, A., Niemann, H., Ambrose, W. G., Lehman F.M., & Carroll, J.Trophic interactions and community structure at Barents Sea cold seeps. (Manuscript). Paper IV: Åström, E. K. L., Oliver, P. G., & Carroll, M. L. (2017). A new Genus and two new Species of Thyasiridae Associated with Methane Seeps off Svalbard, Arctic Ocean. Available in Marine Biology Research, 13(4), 402–416. . Accepted manuscript version available in Munin at http://hdl.handle.net/10037/12794 Cold seeps are chemosynthetic habitats found in both deep sea and shallow ocean-shelves worldwide, including the polar regions. At seeps, hydrocarbons, sulfide, and other reduced compounds emerge from the seafloor, providing energy to fuel chemoautotrophic production. Microbial assemblages, supported by the oxidation and reduction of gases and fluids, form the base of a food web composing unique and specialized cold-seep ecosystems. Several methane cold seeps have been documented in the high-Arctic, offshore Svalbard and in the Barents Sea, within the depth range of 85-1200 m. The widespread seabed gas seepage in these areas can be a strong environmental driver, influencing the local seafloor conditions and biosphere, including benthic community structure and ecosystem function. The primary aim of this doctoral thesis has been to describe the current seep-associated communities and habitats located on the shelf of western Svalbard and in the Barents Sea. This included determining the ecological structure, diversity and food web interactions of macrofaunal assemblages at high-Arctic cold seeps, describing how they compare with conventional non-seep communities, and examining the interaction between seep and non-seep communities where they co-occur. Key findings from the study are: 1) Cold seeps have a strong, localized effect over small spatial scales, supporting dense communities of small chemosymbiotic worms that play a fundamental role in structuring the seabed animal community 2) Cold seeps are identified as focal areas for the biosphere, providing heterogeneous substrates and additional food resources independent of photosynthetic sources from the surface ocean, resulting in animal aggregations at these habitats. 3) Methane-derived carbon is incorporated into the food web of the Barents Sea ecosystem. 4) The discovery of two new species of methane-associated bivalves at Svalbard cold seeps. Cold seeps in the Arctic are of high ecological importance and methane is a key environmental driver of the biological system. Characteristic seep features, such as methane derived carbonate rocks and chemosymbiotic worm tufts, add complexity and 3D structure to the otherwise relatively flat and barren seafloor. Cold seeps provide shelter and substrate to both infauna and sessile organisms at seafloor, and to larger motile animals. Furthermore, cold seeps and seabed methane emissions add a supplementary energy source into the Arctic ecosystem. By combining results of analyses from different benthic habitats, this doctoral research project provides new insights into Arctic faunal community patterns at high-latitude cold seeps. Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic arctic methane Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Svalbard University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Carroll ENVELOPE(-81.183,-81.183,50.800,50.800) Svalbard |