Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter
Published version. Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 In extreme high-latitude marine environments that are without solar illumination in winter, light-mediated patterns of biological migration have historically been considered non-existent [1]. However, diel vertical migration (D...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10037/10571 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 |
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ftunivtroemsoe:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/10571 2023-05-15T14:26:48+02:00 Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter Last, Kim Hobbs, Laura Berge, Jørgen Brierley, Andrew S Cottier, Finlo Robert 2016-01-07 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/10571 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 eng eng Elsevier Current Biology info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/NRC/POLARPROG/226417/Jurisdiction/MareIncognitumEcologicalProcessesDuringThePolarNight// info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/NRC/FRIMEDBIO/214271/Jurisdiction/CircadianRhythmsOfArcticZooplanktonFromPolarTwilightToPolarNight/CircA/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/NRC/POLARPROG/244319/Jurisdiction/ArcticOceanEcosystems// Last K. et.al.: Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter. Current Biology. 2016;26(2):244-251 FRIDAID 1328203 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 0960-9822 1879-0445 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/10571 openAccess VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 Journal article Tidsskriftartikkel Peer reviewed 2016 ftunivtroemsoe https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 2021-06-25T17:55:06Z Published version. Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 In extreme high-latitude marine environments that are without solar illumination in winter, light-mediated patterns of biological migration have historically been considered non-existent [1]. However, diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton has been shown to occur even during the darkest part of the polar night, when illumination levels are exceptionally low [2, 3]. This paradox is, as yet, unexplained. Here, we present evidence of an unexpected uniform behavior across the entire Arctic, in fjord, shelf, slope and open sea, where vertical migrations of zooplankton are driven by lunar illumination. A shift from solar-day (24-hr period) to lunar-day (24.8-hr period) vertical migration takes place in winter when the moon rises above the horizon. Further, mass sinking of zooplankton from the surface waters and accumulation at a depth of 50 m occurs every 29.5 days in winter, coincident with the periods of full moon. Moonlight may enable predation of zooplankton by carnivorous zooplankters, fish, and birds now known to feed during the polar night [4]. Although primary production is almost nil at this time, lunar vertical migration (LVM) may facilitate monthly pulses of carbon remineralization, as they occur continuously in illuminated mesopelagic systems [5], due to community respiration of carnivorous and detritivorous zooplankton. The extent of LVM during the winter suggests that the behavior is highly conserved and adaptive and therefore needs to be considered as ‘‘baseline’’ zooplankton activity in a changing Arctic ocean [6–9]. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean polar night Zooplankton University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive Arctic Arctic Ocean Current Biology 26 2 244 251 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Munin Open Research Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 Last, Kim Hobbs, Laura Berge, Jørgen Brierley, Andrew S Cottier, Finlo Robert Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter |
topic_facet |
VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 |
description |
Published version. Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 In extreme high-latitude marine environments that are without solar illumination in winter, light-mediated patterns of biological migration have historically been considered non-existent [1]. However, diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton has been shown to occur even during the darkest part of the polar night, when illumination levels are exceptionally low [2, 3]. This paradox is, as yet, unexplained. Here, we present evidence of an unexpected uniform behavior across the entire Arctic, in fjord, shelf, slope and open sea, where vertical migrations of zooplankton are driven by lunar illumination. A shift from solar-day (24-hr period) to lunar-day (24.8-hr period) vertical migration takes place in winter when the moon rises above the horizon. Further, mass sinking of zooplankton from the surface waters and accumulation at a depth of 50 m occurs every 29.5 days in winter, coincident with the periods of full moon. Moonlight may enable predation of zooplankton by carnivorous zooplankters, fish, and birds now known to feed during the polar night [4]. Although primary production is almost nil at this time, lunar vertical migration (LVM) may facilitate monthly pulses of carbon remineralization, as they occur continuously in illuminated mesopelagic systems [5], due to community respiration of carnivorous and detritivorous zooplankton. The extent of LVM during the winter suggests that the behavior is highly conserved and adaptive and therefore needs to be considered as ‘‘baseline’’ zooplankton activity in a changing Arctic ocean [6–9]. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Last, Kim Hobbs, Laura Berge, Jørgen Brierley, Andrew S Cottier, Finlo Robert |
author_facet |
Last, Kim Hobbs, Laura Berge, Jørgen Brierley, Andrew S Cottier, Finlo Robert |
author_sort |
Last, Kim |
title |
Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter |
title_short |
Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter |
title_full |
Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter |
title_fullStr |
Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter |
title_sort |
moonlight drives ocean-scale mass vertical migration of zooplankton during the arctic winter |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10037/10571 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean polar night Zooplankton |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean polar night Zooplankton |
op_relation |
Current Biology info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/NRC/POLARPROG/226417/Jurisdiction/MareIncognitumEcologicalProcessesDuringThePolarNight// info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/NRC/FRIMEDBIO/214271/Jurisdiction/CircadianRhythmsOfArcticZooplanktonFromPolarTwilightToPolarNight/CircA/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/NRC/POLARPROG/244319/Jurisdiction/ArcticOceanEcosystems// Last K. et.al.: Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter. Current Biology. 2016;26(2):244-251 FRIDAID 1328203 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 0960-9822 1879-0445 https://hdl.handle.net/10037/10571 |
op_rights |
openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.038 |
container_title |
Current Biology |
container_volume |
26 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
244 |
op_container_end_page |
251 |
_version_ |
1766300237587021824 |