Use of palmitoleic acid and its oxidation products for monitoring the degradation of ice algae in Arctic waters and bottom sediments

• Published in: Organic Geochemistry
• Main Authors: Rontani, Jean-Francois, Amiraux, Remi, Lalande, Catherine, Babin, Marcel, Kim, Hak-Ryul, Belt, Simon
• Other Authors: CE, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval Québec (ULaval), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval Québec (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyungpook National University Daegu (KNU), Biogeochemistry Research Centre (BGC), Plymouth University, ANR-14-CE01-0017,Green Edge,Productivité biologique dans l'Océan Arctique: réponse passée, présente et future aux fluctuations climatiques, et impacts sur les flux de carbone, le réseau trophique et les communautés humaines locales(2014)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2018
• Subjects: Palmitoleic acid; Sympagic algae; Arctic; Biotic and abiotic degradation; Sea ice; Sinking particles; Superficial bottom sediments; [SDE]Environmental Sciences; ice algae; Phytoplankton
• Online Access: https://amu.hal.science/hal-02024257; https://amu.hal.science/hal-02024257/document; https://amu.hal.science/hal-02024257/file/1-Rontani-3.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.06.002

International audience Degradation of palmitoleic acid (C 16:1x7), the main fatty acid component of sea ice-associated (sympagic) diatoms, was monitored in Arctic sea ice at the beginning of ice melting and in the underlying sinking particles and superficial bottom sediments. In sea ice, degradation of sympagic algae involved biotic oxidation induced by 10S-DOX-like lipoxygenase of unknown salinity-stressed attached bacteria, while photo-and autoxidation were limited. In the water column, strong hydratase and Z/E isomerase activity were observed. Hydration of unsaturated fatty acids seems to be a detoxification strategy, which is essential for bacterial survival when associated with free fatty acid-rich environments such as ice algae. In contrast, Z/E isomerisation of palmitoleic acid was attributed to the release of Fe 2+ ions during radical-induced damage of the active site of the bacterial 10S-DOX-like lipoxygenase and Z/E isomerases. Due to the poor physiological state of their attached bacteria resulting from salinity stress in brine channels or toxicity of free ice algae fatty acids, sympagic algae appeared to be only very weakly biotically degraded within the water column. In bottom sediments, free radicals resulting from 10S-DOX-like lipoxygenase activity induced a strong autoxidation of the ice algal material. The presence in bottom sediments of a significant proportion of oxidation products resulting from 10S-DOX-like lipoxygenase activity attested to the strong contribution of sea ice-derived OM released during the early stages of ice melt prior to depo-sition in the sediments. However, on the basis of the highest fatty acid photooxidation state observed in these sediments, an additional contribution of highly photooxidized material (ice algal material released at the end of ice melting or open water phytoplankton) seems likely. The degradation of hydroperoxides, resulting from biotic and abiotic degradation of palmitoleic acid, appeared to involve: (i) homolytic cleav-age of the peroxyl group ...