Air temperature changes in Svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920
In this article, air temperature variability in the Svalbard region (74–82°N, 6–30°E) from 1865 to 1920 is presented based on a large amount of early instrumental land and marine data. Measurements were taken during many exploratory and scientific expeditions to the study area. In addition, changes...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://repozytorium.umk.pl/handle/item/3695 |
id |
ftunivtorunir:oai:repozytorium.umk.pl:item/3695 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivtorunir:oai:repozytorium.umk.pl:item/3695 2023-05-15T14:53:09+02:00 Air temperature changes in Svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920 Przybylak, Rajmund Wyszyński, Przemysław Nordli, Øyvind Strzyżewski, Tomasz 2016 http://repozytorium.umk.pl/handle/item/3695 eng eng International Journal of Climatology vol. 36, 2016, pp. 2899–2916 http://repozytorium.umk.pl/handle/item/3695 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Svalbard Arctic air temperature historical climatology climate change info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2016 ftunivtorunir 2022-02-22T17:32:04Z In this article, air temperature variability in the Svalbard region (74–82°N, 6–30°E) from 1865 to 1920 is presented based on a large amount of early instrumental land and marine data. Measurements were taken during many exploratory and scientific expeditions to the study area. In addition, changes of air temperature from historical times to the present day (1981–2010) were investigated. Present-day air temperatures for land were taken from regular meteorological stations and from campaign measurements, while for marine environment data were taken from three reanalysis products: 20CR, ERA-20C and ERA-Interim. Analysis reveals that Svalbard (land data) in the period 1865–1920 was markedly colder than today (1981–2010, by about 3°C) in all seasons except summer, when air temperature was similar in both periods. However, the majority of mean monthly air temperatures in historical times still lie within two standard deviations (SDs) from the modern mean. Marine data show good correspondence with land data. The May–September average air temperature for the period 1871–1910 was slightly lower in the seas surrounding Svalbard (by 0.4°C) than today. About 90% of these mean air temperatures lie within the range of ±3SDs from the ERA-Interim present-day mean. Seasonal patterns of air temperature changes in the Svalbard archipelago between historical and standard normal (1961–1990) periods show generally very good correspondence to similar changes, not only for the Atlantic region, but also for some other Arctic regions (e.g. SE Greenland, Canadian Arctic, Barents and Kara seas), as well as for the entire Arctic. All available reconstructions of annual air temperature using isolated series of early instrumental observations reveal that in historical times, air temperatures were colder than the standard normal (1961–1990) by about 0.5–1.0°C. Compared with the new normal period (1981–2010), those differences rise to about 1.5–2.5°C. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Greenland Svalbard Nicolaus Copernicus University (UMK) Torun: RUM@K Arctic Greenland Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Nicolaus Copernicus University (UMK) Torun: RUM@K |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtorunir |
language |
English |
topic |
Svalbard Arctic air temperature historical climatology climate change |
spellingShingle |
Svalbard Arctic air temperature historical climatology climate change Przybylak, Rajmund Wyszyński, Przemysław Nordli, Øyvind Strzyżewski, Tomasz Air temperature changes in Svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920 |
topic_facet |
Svalbard Arctic air temperature historical climatology climate change |
description |
In this article, air temperature variability in the Svalbard region (74–82°N, 6–30°E) from 1865 to 1920 is presented based on a large amount of early instrumental land and marine data. Measurements were taken during many exploratory and scientific expeditions to the study area. In addition, changes of air temperature from historical times to the present day (1981–2010) were investigated. Present-day air temperatures for land were taken from regular meteorological stations and from campaign measurements, while for marine environment data were taken from three reanalysis products: 20CR, ERA-20C and ERA-Interim. Analysis reveals that Svalbard (land data) in the period 1865–1920 was markedly colder than today (1981–2010, by about 3°C) in all seasons except summer, when air temperature was similar in both periods. However, the majority of mean monthly air temperatures in historical times still lie within two standard deviations (SDs) from the modern mean. Marine data show good correspondence with land data. The May–September average air temperature for the period 1871–1910 was slightly lower in the seas surrounding Svalbard (by 0.4°C) than today. About 90% of these mean air temperatures lie within the range of ±3SDs from the ERA-Interim present-day mean. Seasonal patterns of air temperature changes in the Svalbard archipelago between historical and standard normal (1961–1990) periods show generally very good correspondence to similar changes, not only for the Atlantic region, but also for some other Arctic regions (e.g. SE Greenland, Canadian Arctic, Barents and Kara seas), as well as for the entire Arctic. All available reconstructions of annual air temperature using isolated series of early instrumental observations reveal that in historical times, air temperatures were colder than the standard normal (1961–1990) by about 0.5–1.0°C. Compared with the new normal period (1981–2010), those differences rise to about 1.5–2.5°C. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Przybylak, Rajmund Wyszyński, Przemysław Nordli, Øyvind Strzyżewski, Tomasz |
author_facet |
Przybylak, Rajmund Wyszyński, Przemysław Nordli, Øyvind Strzyżewski, Tomasz |
author_sort |
Przybylak, Rajmund |
title |
Air temperature changes in Svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920 |
title_short |
Air temperature changes in Svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920 |
title_full |
Air temperature changes in Svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920 |
title_fullStr |
Air temperature changes in Svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Air temperature changes in Svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920 |
title_sort |
air temperature changes in svalbard and the surrounding seas from 1865 to 1920 |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://repozytorium.umk.pl/handle/item/3695 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Greenland Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Greenland Svalbard |
op_relation |
International Journal of Climatology vol. 36, 2016, pp. 2899–2916 http://repozytorium.umk.pl/handle/item/3695 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
_version_ |
1766324574544199680 |