Elemental Composition and Light Absorbance of Ambient Fine Particles at 21 European Locations
We sampled fine particles (PM2.5) over a 1-year period at 21 central urban monitoring sites in 20 cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Particle filters were then analysed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reflectance...
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ftunivtorino:oai:iris.unito.it:2318/2430 2023-10-29T02:37:23+01:00 Elemental Composition and Light Absorbance of Ambient Fine Particles at 21 European Locations Gotschi T. Hazenkamp Von Arx M. E. Heinrich J. Burney P. Forsberg B. Jarvis D. Maldonado J. Norbck D. Stern W. B. Sunyer J. Torn K. Verlato G. Villani S. Kunzli N. BONO, Roberto Gotschi T. Hazenkamp-Von Arx M.E. Heinrich J. Bono R. Burney P. Forsberg B. Jarvis D. Maldonado J. Norbck D. Stern W.B. Sunyer J. Torn K. Verlato G. Villani S. Kunzli N. 2005 http://hdl.handle.net/2318/2430 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000232435200017 volume:39-32 firstpage:5947 lastpage:5958 journal:ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT http://hdl.handle.net/2318/2430 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-24644469128 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Air pollution PM2.5 Element Reflectance Long-term exposure assessment info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2005 ftunivtorino 2023-10-03T22:26:27Z We sampled fine particles (PM2.5) over a 1-year period at 21 central urban monitoring sites in 20 cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Particle filters were then analysed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reflectance (light absorption). Elemental analyses yielded valid results for 15 elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, Zn). Annual and seasonal means of PM2.5, reflectance, and elements show a wide range across Europe with the lowest levels found in Iceland and up to 80 times higher concentrations in Northern Italy. This pattern holds for most of the air pollution indicators. The mass concentration of S did constitute the largest fraction of the analysed elements of PM2.5 in all locations. The crustal component varies from less than 10% up to 25% across these cities. Temporal correlations of daily values vary considerably from city to city, depending on the indicators compared. Nevertheless, correlations between estimates of long-term exposure, such as annual means, are generally high among indicators of PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources, such as S, metals, and reflectance. This highlights the difficulty to disentangle effects of specific sources or PM constituents in future health effect analyses using annual averages. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Università degli studi di Torino: AperTo (Archivio Istituzionale ad Accesso Aperto) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Università degli studi di Torino: AperTo (Archivio Istituzionale ad Accesso Aperto) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtorino |
language |
English |
topic |
Air pollution PM2.5 Element Reflectance Long-term exposure assessment |
spellingShingle |
Air pollution PM2.5 Element Reflectance Long-term exposure assessment Gotschi T. Hazenkamp Von Arx M. E. Heinrich J. Burney P. Forsberg B. Jarvis D. Maldonado J. Norbck D. Stern W. B. Sunyer J. Torn K. Verlato G. Villani S. Kunzli N. BONO, Roberto Elemental Composition and Light Absorbance of Ambient Fine Particles at 21 European Locations |
topic_facet |
Air pollution PM2.5 Element Reflectance Long-term exposure assessment |
description |
We sampled fine particles (PM2.5) over a 1-year period at 21 central urban monitoring sites in 20 cities of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Particle filters were then analysed for elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and reflectance (light absorption). Elemental analyses yielded valid results for 15 elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, S, Si, Ti, V, Zn). Annual and seasonal means of PM2.5, reflectance, and elements show a wide range across Europe with the lowest levels found in Iceland and up to 80 times higher concentrations in Northern Italy. This pattern holds for most of the air pollution indicators. The mass concentration of S did constitute the largest fraction of the analysed elements of PM2.5 in all locations. The crustal component varies from less than 10% up to 25% across these cities. Temporal correlations of daily values vary considerably from city to city, depending on the indicators compared. Nevertheless, correlations between estimates of long-term exposure, such as annual means, are generally high among indicators of PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources, such as S, metals, and reflectance. This highlights the difficulty to disentangle effects of specific sources or PM constituents in future health effect analyses using annual averages. |
author2 |
Gotschi T. Hazenkamp-Von Arx M.E. Heinrich J. Bono R. Burney P. Forsberg B. Jarvis D. Maldonado J. Norbck D. Stern W.B. Sunyer J. Torn K. Verlato G. Villani S. Kunzli N. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gotschi T. Hazenkamp Von Arx M. E. Heinrich J. Burney P. Forsberg B. Jarvis D. Maldonado J. Norbck D. Stern W. B. Sunyer J. Torn K. Verlato G. Villani S. Kunzli N. BONO, Roberto |
author_facet |
Gotschi T. Hazenkamp Von Arx M. E. Heinrich J. Burney P. Forsberg B. Jarvis D. Maldonado J. Norbck D. Stern W. B. Sunyer J. Torn K. Verlato G. Villani S. Kunzli N. BONO, Roberto |
author_sort |
Gotschi T. |
title |
Elemental Composition and Light Absorbance of Ambient Fine Particles at 21 European Locations |
title_short |
Elemental Composition and Light Absorbance of Ambient Fine Particles at 21 European Locations |
title_full |
Elemental Composition and Light Absorbance of Ambient Fine Particles at 21 European Locations |
title_fullStr |
Elemental Composition and Light Absorbance of Ambient Fine Particles at 21 European Locations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Elemental Composition and Light Absorbance of Ambient Fine Particles at 21 European Locations |
title_sort |
elemental composition and light absorbance of ambient fine particles at 21 european locations |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2318/2430 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000232435200017 volume:39-32 firstpage:5947 lastpage:5958 journal:ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT http://hdl.handle.net/2318/2430 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-24644469128 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
_version_ |
1781062075001339904 |