Revisiting the Australian-Antarctic ocean-continent transition zone using petrological and geophysical characterization of exhumed subcontinental mantle

• Published in: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
• Main Authors: McCarthy, A, Falloon, TJ, Sauermilch, I, Whittaker, JM, Niida, K, Green, DH
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Amer Geophysical Union 2020
• Subjects: East Antarctica; seamount B; exhumed mantle; subcontinental mantle; pyroxenite; lherzolite; melt impregnation; olivine; clinopyroxene; orthopyroxene; spinel; pargasite; plagioclase; laser ablation ICP-Ms trace element geochemistry; Antarctic; Antarctic Ocean; Terre Adélie; Terre-Adélie; Antarc*; Antarctica; Newfoundland
• Online Access: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34304/; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/34304/1/139766%20-%20Revisiting%20the%20Australian%26-8208-Antarctic%20ocean%26-8208-continent%20transition%20zone%20using%20petrological%20and%20geophysical%20characterization%20of%20exhumed%20subcontinental%20mantle.pdf

The final lithospheric breakup of the Australian‐Antarctic rift system remains controversial due to sparse geological constraints on the nature of the basement along the ocean‐continent transition (OCT) zones. We present new interpretations of multichannel seismic reflection transects and new petrological data of dredged mantle rocks along the East Antarctic margin (Seamount B, offshore Terre Adélie). By combining both data sets, we show that a 50–100 km wide domain of cold and fertile subcontinental mantle was exhumed along the magma‐poor Antarctic margin. This study represents only the second locality, along with the Iberia‐Newfoundland margins, where the importance of exhumed mantle domains along OCTs can be clearly identified. The dredged peridotites preserve characteristics similar to mantle xenoliths found in syn‐ to post‐rift volcanism at the eastern end of the Australian margin (Victoria and Tasmania), indicating the exhumation of fertile subcontinental mantle during rifting between Australia and Antarctica. Seamount B represents the initial stages of exhumation of cold subcontinental lithosphere along an OCT during rifting. This thick mantle domain was likely affected by melt impregnation at high pressure (8 kbar), leading to the formation of plagioclase‐pyroxenites. The combination of continental rifted blocks, a wide domain of volcanic‐poor subcontinental mantle and (ultra‐) slow spreading is analogous to OCTs from the Jurassic Western Tethys and Iberia‐Newfoundland rifted margins. Additionally, evidence of melt stagnation at high pressure suggests that magmatism along the Australian‐Antarctic rifted margins was sufficient to form magnetic anomalies that can be used as isochrons despite their formation in lithosphere other than mature, steady‐state ocean crust.