Towards improved estimates of sea-ice algal biomass: experimental assessment of hyperspectral imaging cameras for under-ice studies

• Published in: Annals of Glaciology
• Main Authors: Cimoli, E, Lucieer, A, Meiners, KM, Lund-Hansen, LC, Kennedy, FC, Martin, A, McMinn, A, Lucieer, V
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Int Glaciol Soc 2017
• Subjects: sea ice; Antarctica; hyperspectral imaging; remote sensing; ice algae; ice tank; under-ice environment; Annals of Glaciology; Antarc*; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/26123/; https://eprints.utas.edu.au/26123/2/116484%20final.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.6

Ice algae are a key component in polar marine food webs and have an active role in large-scale biogeochemical cycles. They remain extremely under-sampled due to the coarse nature of traditional point sampling methods compounded by the general logistical limitations of surveying in polar regions. This study provides a first assessment of hyperspectral imaging as an under-ice remote-sensing method to capture sea-ice algae biomass spatial variability at the ice/water interface. Ice-algal cultures were inoculated in a unique inverted sea-ice simulation tank at increasing concentrations over designated cylinder enclosures and sparsely across the ice/water interface. Hyperspectral images of the sea ice were acquired with a pushbroom sensor attaining 0.9 mm square pixel spatial resolution for three different spectral resolutions (1.7, 3.4, 6.7 nm). Image analysis revealed biomass distribution matching the inoculated chlorophyll a concentrations within each cylinder. While spectral resolutions >6 nm hindered biomass differentiation, 1.7 and 3.4 nm were able to resolve spatial variation in ice algal biomass implying a coherent sensor selection. The inverted ice tank provided a suitable sea-ice analogue platform for testing key parameters of the methodology. The results highlight the potential of hyperspectral imaging to capture sea-ice algal biomass variability at unprecedented scales in a non-invasive way.