Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007
The properties of snow on East Antarctic sea ice off Wilkes Land were examined during the Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystem Experiment (SIPEX) in late winter of 2007, focusing on the interaction with sea ice. This observation includes 11 transect lines for the measurement of ice thickness, freeboard, an...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.12.002 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/71040 |
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ftunivtasecite:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:71040 2023-05-15T14:02:30+02:00 Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007 Toyota, T Massom, R Tateyama, K Tamura, T Fraser, A 2011 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.12.002 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/71040 en eng Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd http://ecite.utas.edu.au/71040/1/scan.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.12.002 Toyota, T and Massom, R and Tateyama, K and Tamura, T and Fraser, A, Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007, Deep-Sea Research. Part 2: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58, (9-10) pp. 1137-1148. ISSN 0967-0645 (2011) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/71040 Earth Sciences Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience Glaciology Refereed Article PeerReviewed 2011 ftunivtasecite https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.12.002 2019-12-13T21:38:38Z The properties of snow on East Antarctic sea ice off Wilkes Land were examined during the Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystem Experiment (SIPEX) in late winter of 2007, focusing on the interaction with sea ice. This observation includes 11 transect lines for the measurement of ice thickness, freeboard, and snow depth, 50 snow pits on 13 ice floes, and diurnal variation of surface heat flux on three ice floes. The detailed profiling of topography along the transects and the d 18 O, salinity, and density datasets of snow made it possible to examine the snow-sea-ice interaction quantitatively for the first time in this area. In general, the snow displayed significant heterogeneity in types, thickness (mean: 0.140.13 m), and density (32538 kg m-3), as reported in other East Antarctic regions. High salinity was confined to the lowest 0.1 m. Salinity and d 18 O data within this layer revealed that saline water originated from the surface brine of sea ice in 20% of the total sites and from seawater in 80%. From the vertical profiles of snow density, bulk thermal conductivity of snow was estimated as 0.15 W K-1 m-1 on average, only half of the value used for numerical sea-ice models. Although the upward heat flux within snow estimated with this value was significantly lower than that within ice, it turned out that a higher value of thermal conductivity (0.3 to 0.4 W K-1 m-1) is preferable for estimating ice growth amount in current numerical models. Diurnal measurements showed that upward conductive heat flux within the snow and net long-wave radiation at the surface seem to play important roles in the formation of snow ice from slush. The detailed surface topography allowed us to compare the air-ice drag coefficients of ice and snow surfaces under neutral conditions, and to examine the possibility of the retrieval of ice thickness distribution from satellite remote sensing. It was found that overall snow cover works to enhance the surface roughness of sea ice rather than moderate it, and increases the drag coefficient by about 10%. As for thickness retrieval, mean ice thickness had a higher correlation with ice surface roughness than mean freeboard or surface elevation, which indicates the potential usefulness of satellite L-band SAR in estimating the ice thickness distribution in the seasonal sea-ice zone. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica East Antarctica Sea ice Wilkes Land eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) Antarctic East Antarctica Wilkes Land ENVELOPE(120.000,120.000,-69.000,-69.000) Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58 9-10 1137 1148 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtasecite |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth Sciences Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience Glaciology |
spellingShingle |
Earth Sciences Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience Glaciology Toyota, T Massom, R Tateyama, K Tamura, T Fraser, A Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007 |
topic_facet |
Earth Sciences Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience Glaciology |
description |
The properties of snow on East Antarctic sea ice off Wilkes Land were examined during the Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystem Experiment (SIPEX) in late winter of 2007, focusing on the interaction with sea ice. This observation includes 11 transect lines for the measurement of ice thickness, freeboard, and snow depth, 50 snow pits on 13 ice floes, and diurnal variation of surface heat flux on three ice floes. The detailed profiling of topography along the transects and the d 18 O, salinity, and density datasets of snow made it possible to examine the snow-sea-ice interaction quantitatively for the first time in this area. In general, the snow displayed significant heterogeneity in types, thickness (mean: 0.140.13 m), and density (32538 kg m-3), as reported in other East Antarctic regions. High salinity was confined to the lowest 0.1 m. Salinity and d 18 O data within this layer revealed that saline water originated from the surface brine of sea ice in 20% of the total sites and from seawater in 80%. From the vertical profiles of snow density, bulk thermal conductivity of snow was estimated as 0.15 W K-1 m-1 on average, only half of the value used for numerical sea-ice models. Although the upward heat flux within snow estimated with this value was significantly lower than that within ice, it turned out that a higher value of thermal conductivity (0.3 to 0.4 W K-1 m-1) is preferable for estimating ice growth amount in current numerical models. Diurnal measurements showed that upward conductive heat flux within the snow and net long-wave radiation at the surface seem to play important roles in the formation of snow ice from slush. The detailed surface topography allowed us to compare the air-ice drag coefficients of ice and snow surfaces under neutral conditions, and to examine the possibility of the retrieval of ice thickness distribution from satellite remote sensing. It was found that overall snow cover works to enhance the surface roughness of sea ice rather than moderate it, and increases the drag coefficient by about 10%. As for thickness retrieval, mean ice thickness had a higher correlation with ice surface roughness than mean freeboard or surface elevation, which indicates the potential usefulness of satellite L-band SAR in estimating the ice thickness distribution in the seasonal sea-ice zone. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Toyota, T Massom, R Tateyama, K Tamura, T Fraser, A |
author_facet |
Toyota, T Massom, R Tateyama, K Tamura, T Fraser, A |
author_sort |
Toyota, T |
title |
Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007 |
title_short |
Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007 |
title_full |
Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007 |
title_fullStr |
Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007 |
title_sort |
properties of snow overlying the sea ice off east antarctica in late winter, 2007 |
publisher |
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.12.002 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/71040 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(120.000,120.000,-69.000,-69.000) |
geographic |
Antarctic East Antarctica Wilkes Land |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic East Antarctica Wilkes Land |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica East Antarctica Sea ice Wilkes Land |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica East Antarctica Sea ice Wilkes Land |
op_relation |
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/71040/1/scan.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.12.002 Toyota, T and Massom, R and Tateyama, K and Tamura, T and Fraser, A, Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007, Deep-Sea Research. Part 2: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58, (9-10) pp. 1137-1148. ISSN 0967-0645 (2011) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/71040 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.12.002 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
container_volume |
58 |
container_issue |
9-10 |
container_start_page |
1137 |
op_container_end_page |
1148 |
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1766272765062545408 |