Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions
Antarctic tourism activity presents legal and policy challenges for the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). Bastmeijer (2003) argues that the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty 1991 (Madrid Protocol) and domestic legislation do not effectively question the legitimacy of the many...
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ftunivtasecite:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:48480 2023-05-15T13:40:51+02:00 Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions Johnson, MP Kriwoken, LK 2007 application/pdf http://ecite.utas.edu.au/48480 en eng Federation Press http://ecite.utas.edu.au/48480/2/48480 - Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions.pdf Johnson, MP and Kriwoken, LK, Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions, Looking South: Australia's Antarctic Agenda, Federation Press, L Kriwoken, J Jabour, AD Hemmings (ed), Leichhardt, NSW, pp. 85-98. ISBN 9781862876576 (2007) [Research Book Chapter] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/48480 Studies in Human Society Policy and Administration Policy and Administration not elsewhere classified Research Book Chapter NonPeerReviewed 2007 ftunivtasecite 2019-12-13T21:23:20Z Antarctic tourism activity presents legal and policy challenges for the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). Bastmeijer (2003) argues that the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty 1991 (Madrid Protocol) and domestic legislation do not effectively question the legitimacy of the many forms of Antarctic tourism. States Parties have only partially used the Protocol's environmental impact assessment (ElA) provisions for tourism proposals (Richardson 2000). The majority of domestic implementing legislation of state Parties has the role of authorising tourism activity (Bastmeijer 2003). Since 2001, there has been increased recognition at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) of the need for additional measures to regulate Antarctic tourism. In March 2004, an Antarctic Treaty Meeting of Experts on Tourism and Non-Governmental Activities in Antarctica (ATME) was convened to examine tourism issues, including "jurisdiction, industry self-regulation; and an analysis of the existing legal framework and identification of gaps" (ATCM XXVI 2003). Subsequent ATCMs have extended the examination of emerging tourism issues and the associated regulatory directions. Australia's national legislation and administration of the region responds to obligations under the Antarctic Treaty 1959. Despite the relatively low demand for tourism regulation in the Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT),2 Australia has consistently worked with the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) to achieve integrated management of Antarctic tourism. In response to emerging tourism issues, Australia has developed a tourism policy and argued for the implementation of schemes for industry accreditation and onboard observers, an Antarctic shipping code and sitespecific visitor guidelines (AAD 2004b). Australia (2005a) has also sought to establish ATCP policy on the development of land-based non-government infrastructure. This chapter considers the emerging issues of Australian Antarctic tourism, through a critique of its legal and policy approach. An introduction of Australia's legal and policy framework precedes the analysis of increasing tourism activity, technological developments and land-based tourism facilities. This is followed by an examination of non-members of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) operating tourism companies or vessels from Third Party States. The chapter concludes with an outline of how Australia can adopt suitable legal and policy directions for tourism within the ATS. Book Part Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) Antarctic Australian Antarctic Territory Ela ENVELOPE(9.642,9.642,63.170,63.170) The Antarctic |
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eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtasecite |
language |
English |
topic |
Studies in Human Society Policy and Administration Policy and Administration not elsewhere classified |
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Studies in Human Society Policy and Administration Policy and Administration not elsewhere classified Johnson, MP Kriwoken, LK Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions |
topic_facet |
Studies in Human Society Policy and Administration Policy and Administration not elsewhere classified |
description |
Antarctic tourism activity presents legal and policy challenges for the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). Bastmeijer (2003) argues that the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty 1991 (Madrid Protocol) and domestic legislation do not effectively question the legitimacy of the many forms of Antarctic tourism. States Parties have only partially used the Protocol's environmental impact assessment (ElA) provisions for tourism proposals (Richardson 2000). The majority of domestic implementing legislation of state Parties has the role of authorising tourism activity (Bastmeijer 2003). Since 2001, there has been increased recognition at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) of the need for additional measures to regulate Antarctic tourism. In March 2004, an Antarctic Treaty Meeting of Experts on Tourism and Non-Governmental Activities in Antarctica (ATME) was convened to examine tourism issues, including "jurisdiction, industry self-regulation; and an analysis of the existing legal framework and identification of gaps" (ATCM XXVI 2003). Subsequent ATCMs have extended the examination of emerging tourism issues and the associated regulatory directions. Australia's national legislation and administration of the region responds to obligations under the Antarctic Treaty 1959. Despite the relatively low demand for tourism regulation in the Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT),2 Australia has consistently worked with the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) to achieve integrated management of Antarctic tourism. In response to emerging tourism issues, Australia has developed a tourism policy and argued for the implementation of schemes for industry accreditation and onboard observers, an Antarctic shipping code and sitespecific visitor guidelines (AAD 2004b). Australia (2005a) has also sought to establish ATCP policy on the development of land-based non-government infrastructure. This chapter considers the emerging issues of Australian Antarctic tourism, through a critique of its legal and policy approach. An introduction of Australia's legal and policy framework precedes the analysis of increasing tourism activity, technological developments and land-based tourism facilities. This is followed by an examination of non-members of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) operating tourism companies or vessels from Third Party States. The chapter concludes with an outline of how Australia can adopt suitable legal and policy directions for tourism within the ATS. |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Johnson, MP Kriwoken, LK |
author_facet |
Johnson, MP Kriwoken, LK |
author_sort |
Johnson, MP |
title |
Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions |
title_short |
Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions |
title_full |
Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions |
title_fullStr |
Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions |
title_sort |
emerging issues of australian antarctic tourism legal and policy directions |
publisher |
Federation Press |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/48480 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(9.642,9.642,63.170,63.170) |
geographic |
Antarctic Australian Antarctic Territory Ela The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Australian Antarctic Territory Ela The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_relation |
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/48480/2/48480 - Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions.pdf Johnson, MP and Kriwoken, LK, Emerging Issues of Australian Antarctic Tourism Legal and Policy Directions, Looking South: Australia's Antarctic Agenda, Federation Press, L Kriwoken, J Jabour, AD Hemmings (ed), Leichhardt, NSW, pp. 85-98. ISBN 9781862876576 (2007) [Research Book Chapter] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/48480 |
_version_ |
1766141296664117248 |