Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L
The current treatment for amoebic gill disease (AGD)-affected Atlantic salmon involves bathing sea-caged fish in fresh water, often sourced from local dams, for 3-4 h. In both a small-scale laboratory and an on-farm field experiment, the effects of water hardness on the efficacy of freshwater bathin...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00495.x http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14653317 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/26979 |
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ftunivtasecite:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:26979 2023-05-15T15:30:57+02:00 Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L Roberts, SD Powell, MD 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00495.x http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14653317 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/26979 en eng Blackwell Publishing Ltd http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00495.x Roberts, SD and Powell, MD, Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, Journal of Fish Diseases, 26, (10) pp. 591-599. ISSN 0140-7775 (2003) [Refereed Article] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14653317 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/26979 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Fisheries Sciences Fish Pests and Diseases Refereed Article PeerReviewed 2003 ftunivtasecite https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00495.x 2019-12-13T21:07:47Z The current treatment for amoebic gill disease (AGD)-affected Atlantic salmon involves bathing sea-caged fish in fresh water, often sourced from local dams, for 3-4 h. In both a small-scale laboratory and an on-farm field experiment, the effects of water hardness on the efficacy of freshwater bathing were assessed. Results showed that soft fresh water (19.3-37.4 mg L -1 CaCO3), whether it be naturally soft city mains water or artificially softened dam water, was more efficacious at alleviating AGD in affected fish than hard fresh water (173-236.3 mg L-1 CaCO 3). Soft freshwater bathing significantly reduced viable gill amoebae numbers (from 73.9 to 40.9% of total count) and significantly alleviated gill pathology, both gross and histological. Following bathing, gross gill pathological scores of soft freshwater bathed fish lagged 2 weeks behind hard freshwater bathed fish. Significant gill lesion fragmentation, and shedding of lesion-associated hyperplastic tissue, was accompanied by a significant reduction in AGD-affected gill filaments in soft freshwater bathed fish. Furthermore, soft freshwater bathing alleviated the blood plasma electrolyte imbalance seen in control (sea water) and hard freshwater bathed fish. This study showed that the use of soft fresh water for bathing AGD-affected Atlantic salmon could be an improvement to the current method of treatment. Not only does it reduce gill amoeba numbers, but also, it is of a therapeutic advantage with the potential to reduce bathing frequency. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) Journal of Fish Diseases 26 10 591 599 |
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Open Polar |
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eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) |
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ftunivtasecite |
language |
English |
topic |
Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Fisheries Sciences Fish Pests and Diseases |
spellingShingle |
Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Fisheries Sciences Fish Pests and Diseases Roberts, SD Powell, MD Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L |
topic_facet |
Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Fisheries Sciences Fish Pests and Diseases |
description |
The current treatment for amoebic gill disease (AGD)-affected Atlantic salmon involves bathing sea-caged fish in fresh water, often sourced from local dams, for 3-4 h. In both a small-scale laboratory and an on-farm field experiment, the effects of water hardness on the efficacy of freshwater bathing were assessed. Results showed that soft fresh water (19.3-37.4 mg L -1 CaCO3), whether it be naturally soft city mains water or artificially softened dam water, was more efficacious at alleviating AGD in affected fish than hard fresh water (173-236.3 mg L-1 CaCO 3). Soft freshwater bathing significantly reduced viable gill amoebae numbers (from 73.9 to 40.9% of total count) and significantly alleviated gill pathology, both gross and histological. Following bathing, gross gill pathological scores of soft freshwater bathed fish lagged 2 weeks behind hard freshwater bathed fish. Significant gill lesion fragmentation, and shedding of lesion-associated hyperplastic tissue, was accompanied by a significant reduction in AGD-affected gill filaments in soft freshwater bathed fish. Furthermore, soft freshwater bathing alleviated the blood plasma electrolyte imbalance seen in control (sea water) and hard freshwater bathed fish. This study showed that the use of soft fresh water for bathing AGD-affected Atlantic salmon could be an improvement to the current method of treatment. Not only does it reduce gill amoeba numbers, but also, it is of a therapeutic advantage with the potential to reduce bathing frequency. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Roberts, SD Powell, MD |
author_facet |
Roberts, SD Powell, MD |
author_sort |
Roberts, SD |
title |
Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L |
title_short |
Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L |
title_full |
Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L |
title_fullStr |
Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L |
title_sort |
reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l |
publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00495.x http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14653317 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/26979 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00495.x Roberts, SD and Powell, MD, Reduced total hardness of fresh water enhances the efficacy of bathing as a treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, Journal of Fish Diseases, 26, (10) pp. 591-599. ISSN 0140-7775 (2003) [Refereed Article] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14653317 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/26979 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00495.x |
container_title |
Journal of Fish Diseases |
container_volume |
26 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
591 |
op_container_end_page |
599 |
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1766361428270252032 |