Mass change in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups in relation to maternal characteristics at the Kerguelen Islands

• Published in: Canadian Journal of Zoology
• Main Authors: Guinet, C, Lea, MA, Goldsworthy, SD
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: NRC Research Press 2000
• Subjects: Environmental Sciences; Environmental Science and Management; Wildlife and Habitat Management; Antarctic; Austral; Kerguelen; Kerguelen Islands; Antarc*; Antarctic Fur Seal; Antarctic Fur Seals; Arctocephalus gazella
• Online Access: http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/home.html; https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-78-3-476; http://ecite.utas.edu.au/20094

Maternal allocation to growth of the pup was measured in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at the Kergulen Islands during the 1997 austral summer. Absolute mass gain of pups following a maternal foraging trip was independent of the sex of the pup but was positively related to foraging-trip duration and maternal length. However, daily mass gain (i.e., absolute mass gain of the pup divided by foraging-trip duration) decreased with increasing foraging-trip duration but increased with maternal length. While the pup were fasting, their daily mass loss was related to their sex and initial body mass: both heavier pups and female pups lost more mass per day than lighter pups and male pups. The mass-specific rate of mass loss was significantly higher in female than in male pups. Over the study period, the mean growth rate was zero, with no difference between female and male pups. The growth rate in mass of the pup was positively related to maternal length but not to maternal condition, and negatively related to the foraging-trip duration of the mother and the initial mass of the pup. This indicates that during the study period, heavier pups grew more slowly because of their higher rate of daily mass loss during periods of fasting. Interestingly, for a given maternal length, the mean mass of the pup during the study period was higher for male than for female pups, even though the rate of daily mass gain was the same. Such differences are likely to result from sex differences in the mass-specific rate of mass loss. As female pups lose a greater proportion of their mass per day, a zero growth rate (i.e., mass gain only compensating for mass loss) is reached at a lower mass in female pups than in male pups. Our results indicate that maternal allocation does not differ according to the sex of the pup, but suggest that the two sexes follow different growth strategies