Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei
The Southern Ocean region is one of the most pristine in the world and serves as an important proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere. Improving our understanding of the natural processes in this region is likely to result in the largest reductions in the uncertainty of climate and earth system mode...
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/152371 |
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ftunivtasecite:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:152371 2023-05-15T13:42:41+02:00 Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei Humphries, RS Keywood, MD Gribben, S McRobert, IM Ward, JP Selleck, P Taylor, S Harnwell, J Flynn, C Kulkarni, GR Mace, GG Protat, A Alexander, SP McFarquhar, G 2021 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/152371 en eng Copernicus GmbH http://ecite.utas.edu.au/152371/1/152371-Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 Humphries, RS and Keywood, MD and Gribben, S and McRobert, IM and Ward, JP and Selleck, P and Taylor, S and Harnwell, J and Flynn, C and Kulkarni, GR and Mace, GG and Protat, A and Alexander, SP and McFarquhar, G, Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21, (16) pp. 12757-12782. ISSN 1680-7316 (2021) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/152371 Engineering Environmental engineering Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified Refereed Article PeerReviewed 2021 ftunivtasecite https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 2022-11-28T23:17:13Z The Southern Ocean region is one of the most pristine in the world and serves as an important proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere. Improving our understanding of the natural processes in this region is likely to result in the largest reductions in the uncertainty of climate and earth system models. While remoteness from anthropogenic and continental sources is responsible for its clean atmosphere, this also results in the dearth of atmospheric observations in the region. Here we present a statistical summary of the latitudinal gradient of aerosol (condensation nuclei larger than 10 nm, CN10) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN at various supersaturations) concentrations obtained from five voyages spanning the Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica from late spring to early autumn (October to March) of the 2017/18 austral seasons. Three main regions of influence were identified: the northern sector (40-45 degrees S), where continental and anthropogenic sources coexisted with background marine aerosol populations; the mid-latitude sector (45-65 degrees S), where the aerosol populations reflected a mixture of biogenic and sea-salt aerosol; and the southern sector (65-70 degrees S), south of the atmospheric polar front, where sea-salt aerosol concentrations were greatly reduced and aerosol populations were primarily biologically derived sulfur species with a significant history in the Antarctic free troposphere. The northern sector showed the highest number concentrations with median (25th to 75th percentiles) CN10 and CCN0.5 concentrations of 681 (388-839) cm(-3) and 322 (105-443) cm(-3), respectively. Concentrations in the mid-latitudes were typically around 350 cm(-3) and 160 cm(-3) for CN10 and CCN0.5, respectively. In the southern sector, concentrations rose markedly, reaching 447 (298-446) cm(-3) and 232 (186-271) cm(-3) for CN10 and CCN0.5, respectively. The aerosol composition in this sector was marked by a distinct drop in sea salt and increase in both sulfate fraction and absolute ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 16 12757 12782 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtasecite |
language |
English |
topic |
Engineering Environmental engineering Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified |
spellingShingle |
Engineering Environmental engineering Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified Humphries, RS Keywood, MD Gribben, S McRobert, IM Ward, JP Selleck, P Taylor, S Harnwell, J Flynn, C Kulkarni, GR Mace, GG Protat, A Alexander, SP McFarquhar, G Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
topic_facet |
Engineering Environmental engineering Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified |
description |
The Southern Ocean region is one of the most pristine in the world and serves as an important proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere. Improving our understanding of the natural processes in this region is likely to result in the largest reductions in the uncertainty of climate and earth system models. While remoteness from anthropogenic and continental sources is responsible for its clean atmosphere, this also results in the dearth of atmospheric observations in the region. Here we present a statistical summary of the latitudinal gradient of aerosol (condensation nuclei larger than 10 nm, CN10) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN at various supersaturations) concentrations obtained from five voyages spanning the Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica from late spring to early autumn (October to March) of the 2017/18 austral seasons. Three main regions of influence were identified: the northern sector (40-45 degrees S), where continental and anthropogenic sources coexisted with background marine aerosol populations; the mid-latitude sector (45-65 degrees S), where the aerosol populations reflected a mixture of biogenic and sea-salt aerosol; and the southern sector (65-70 degrees S), south of the atmospheric polar front, where sea-salt aerosol concentrations were greatly reduced and aerosol populations were primarily biologically derived sulfur species with a significant history in the Antarctic free troposphere. The northern sector showed the highest number concentrations with median (25th to 75th percentiles) CN10 and CCN0.5 concentrations of 681 (388-839) cm(-3) and 322 (105-443) cm(-3), respectively. Concentrations in the mid-latitudes were typically around 350 cm(-3) and 160 cm(-3) for CN10 and CCN0.5, respectively. In the southern sector, concentrations rose markedly, reaching 447 (298-446) cm(-3) and 232 (186-271) cm(-3) for CN10 and CCN0.5, respectively. The aerosol composition in this sector was marked by a distinct drop in sea salt and increase in both sulfate fraction and absolute ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Humphries, RS Keywood, MD Gribben, S McRobert, IM Ward, JP Selleck, P Taylor, S Harnwell, J Flynn, C Kulkarni, GR Mace, GG Protat, A Alexander, SP McFarquhar, G |
author_facet |
Humphries, RS Keywood, MD Gribben, S McRobert, IM Ward, JP Selleck, P Taylor, S Harnwell, J Flynn, C Kulkarni, GR Mace, GG Protat, A Alexander, SP McFarquhar, G |
author_sort |
Humphries, RS |
title |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_short |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_full |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_fullStr |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_full_unstemmed |
Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
title_sort |
southern ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei |
publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/152371 |
geographic |
Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/152371/1/152371-Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 Humphries, RS and Keywood, MD and Gribben, S and McRobert, IM and Ward, JP and Selleck, P and Taylor, S and Harnwell, J and Flynn, C and Kulkarni, GR and Mace, GG and Protat, A and Alexander, SP and McFarquhar, G, Southern Ocean latitudinal gradients of cloud condensation nuclei, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21, (16) pp. 12757-12782. ISSN 1680-7316 (2021) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/152371 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12757-2021 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
16 |
container_start_page |
12757 |
op_container_end_page |
12782 |
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1766171588193943552 |