Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease
Amoebic gill disease (AGD), caused by the amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans , has led to considerable economic losses in every major Atlantic salmon producing country, and is increasing in frequency. The most serious infections occur during summer and autumn, when temperatures are high and poor dissolved...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080597 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/140305 |
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ftunivtasecite:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:140305 2023-05-15T15:32:39+02:00 Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease Oldham, T Dempster, T Crosbie, P Adams, M Nowak, B 2020 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080597 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/140305 en eng MDPIAG http://ecite.utas.edu.au/140305/1/140305 - Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080597 Oldham, T and Dempster, T and Crosbie, P and Adams, M and Nowak, B, Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease, Pathogens, 9, (8) Article 597. ISSN 2076-0817 (2020) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/140305 Agricultural Veterinary and Food Sciences Fisheries sciences Fish pests and diseases Refereed Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftunivtasecite https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080597 2021-02-15T23:16:32Z Amoebic gill disease (AGD), caused by the amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans , has led to considerable economic losses in every major Atlantic salmon producing country, and is increasing in frequency. The most serious infections occur during summer and autumn, when temperatures are high and poor dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions are most common. Here, we tested if exposure to cyclic hypoxia at DO saturations of 4060% altered the course of infection with N. perurans compared to normoxic controls maintained at ≥90% DO saturation. Although hypoxia exposure did not increase initial susceptibility to N. perurans , it accelerated progression of the disease. By 7 days post-inoculation, amoeba counts estimated from qPCR analysis were 1.7 times higher in the hypoxic treatment than in normoxic controls, and cumulative mortalities were twice as high (16 4% and 8 2%), respectively. At 10 days post-inoculation, however, there were no differences between amoeba counts in the hypoxic and normoxic treatments, nor in the percentage of filaments with AGD lesions (control = 74 2.8%, hypoxic = 69 3.3%), or number of lamellae per lesion (control = 30 0.9%, hypoxic = 27.9 0.9%) as determined by histological examination. Cumulative mortalities at the termination of the experiment were similarly high in both treatments (hypoxic = 60 2%, normoxic = 53 11%). These results reveal that exposure to cyclic hypoxia in a diel pattern, equivalent to what salmon are exposed to in marine aquaculture cages, accelerated the progression of AGD in post-smolts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) Pathogens 9 8 597 |
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eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) |
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ftunivtasecite |
language |
English |
topic |
Agricultural Veterinary and Food Sciences Fisheries sciences Fish pests and diseases |
spellingShingle |
Agricultural Veterinary and Food Sciences Fisheries sciences Fish pests and diseases Oldham, T Dempster, T Crosbie, P Adams, M Nowak, B Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease |
topic_facet |
Agricultural Veterinary and Food Sciences Fisheries sciences Fish pests and diseases |
description |
Amoebic gill disease (AGD), caused by the amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans , has led to considerable economic losses in every major Atlantic salmon producing country, and is increasing in frequency. The most serious infections occur during summer and autumn, when temperatures are high and poor dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions are most common. Here, we tested if exposure to cyclic hypoxia at DO saturations of 4060% altered the course of infection with N. perurans compared to normoxic controls maintained at ≥90% DO saturation. Although hypoxia exposure did not increase initial susceptibility to N. perurans , it accelerated progression of the disease. By 7 days post-inoculation, amoeba counts estimated from qPCR analysis were 1.7 times higher in the hypoxic treatment than in normoxic controls, and cumulative mortalities were twice as high (16 4% and 8 2%), respectively. At 10 days post-inoculation, however, there were no differences between amoeba counts in the hypoxic and normoxic treatments, nor in the percentage of filaments with AGD lesions (control = 74 2.8%, hypoxic = 69 3.3%), or number of lamellae per lesion (control = 30 0.9%, hypoxic = 27.9 0.9%) as determined by histological examination. Cumulative mortalities at the termination of the experiment were similarly high in both treatments (hypoxic = 60 2%, normoxic = 53 11%). These results reveal that exposure to cyclic hypoxia in a diel pattern, equivalent to what salmon are exposed to in marine aquaculture cages, accelerated the progression of AGD in post-smolts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Oldham, T Dempster, T Crosbie, P Adams, M Nowak, B |
author_facet |
Oldham, T Dempster, T Crosbie, P Adams, M Nowak, B |
author_sort |
Oldham, T |
title |
Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease |
title_short |
Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease |
title_full |
Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease |
title_fullStr |
Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease |
title_sort |
cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease |
publisher |
MDPIAG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080597 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/140305 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_relation |
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/140305/1/140305 - Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080597 Oldham, T and Dempster, T and Crosbie, P and Adams, M and Nowak, B, Cyclic hypoxia exposure accelerates the progression of amoebic gill disease, Pathogens, 9, (8) Article 597. ISSN 2076-0817 (2020) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/140305 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080597 |
container_title |
Pathogens |
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9 |
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8 |
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597 |
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1766363140980736000 |