Shift towards larger diatoms in a natural phytoplankton assemblage under combined high-CO 2 and warming conditions

• Published in: Journal of Plankton Research
• Main Authors: Sett, S, Schulz, KG, Bach, LT, Riebesell, U
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Univ Press 2018
• Subjects: Earth Sciences; Oceanography; Biological Oceanography; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fby018; http://ecite.utas.edu.au/133674

An indoor mesocosm experiment was carried out to investigate the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on the species composition and biogeochemical element cycling during a winter/spring bloom with a natural phytoplankton assemblage from the Kiel fjord, Germany. The experimental setup consisted of a Control (ambient temperature of ~4.8 C and ~535 25 μatm p CO 2 ), a High-CO 2 treatment (ambient temperature and initially 1020 45 μatm p CO 2 ) and a Greenhouse treatment (~8.5 C and initially 990 60 μatm p CO 2 ). Nutrient replete conditions prevailed at the beginning of the experiment and light was provided at in situ levels upon reaching p CO 2 target levels. A diatom-dominated bloom developed in all treatments with Skeletonema costatum as the dominant species but with an increased abundance and biomass contribution of larger diatom species in the Greenhouse treatment. Conditions in the Greenhouse treatment accelerated bloom development with faster utilization of inorganic nutrients and an earlier peak in phytoplankton biomass compared to the Control and High CO 2 but no difference in maximum concentration of particulate organic matter (POM) between treatments. Loss of POM in the Greenhouse treatment, however, was twice as high as in the Control and High CO 2 treatment at the end of the experiment, most likely due to an increased proportion of larger diatom species in that treatment. We hypothesize that the combination of warming and acidification can induce shifts in diatom species composition with potential feedbacks on biogeochemical element cycling.