Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface
During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/125318 |
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ftunivtasecite:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:125318 2023-05-15T13:49:03+02:00 Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface Fernandez-Mendez, M Olsen, LM Kauko, HM Meyer, A Rosel, A Merkouriadi, I Mundy, CJ Ehn, JK Johansson, AM Wagner, PM Ervik, A Sorrell, BK Duarte, P Wold, A Hop, H Assmy, P 2018 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/125318 en eng Frontiers Research Foundation http://ecite.utas.edu.au/125318/1/Fernandez2018.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 Fernandez-Mendez, M and Olsen, LM and Kauko, HM and Meyer, A and Rosel, A and Merkouriadi, I and Mundy, CJ and Ehn, JK and Johansson, AM and Wagner, PM and Ervik, A and Sorrell, BK and Duarte, P and Wold, A and Hop, H and Assmy, P, Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface, Frontiers in Marine Science, 5 Article 75. ISSN 2296-7745 (2018) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/125318 Environmental Sciences Ecological Applications Ecological Impacts of Climate Change Refereed Article PeerReviewed 2018 ftunivtasecite https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 2019-12-13T22:23:53Z During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because they are complex structures that are difficult to sample. Snow infiltration communities can grow at the snow-ice interface when flooded. They have been commonly observed in the Antarctic, but rarely in the Arctic, where flooding is less common mainly due to a lower snow-to-ice thickness ratio. Combining biomass measurements and algal community analysis with under-ice irradiance and current measurements as well as light modeling, we comprehensively describe these two algal habitats in an Arctic pack ice environment. High biomass accumulation in ridges was facilitated by complex surfaces for algal deposition and attachment, increased light availability, and protection against strong under-ice currents. Notably, specific locations within the ridges were found to host distinct ice algal communities. The pennate diatoms Nitzschia frigida and Navicula species dominated the underside and inclined walls of submerged ice blocks, while the centric diatom Shionodiscus bioculatus dominated the top surfaces of the submerged ice blocks. Higher light levels than those in and below the sea ice, low mesozooplankton grazing, and physical concentration likely contributed to the high algal biomass at the snow-ice interface. These snow infiltration communities were dominated by Phaeocystis pouchetii and chain-forming pelagic diatoms ( Fragilariopsis oceanica and Chaetoceros gelidus ). Ridges are likely to form more frequently in a thinner and more dynamic ice pack, while the predicted increase in Arctic precipitation in some regions in combination with the thinning Arctic icescape might lead to larger areas of sea ice with negative freeboard and subsequent flooding during the melt season. Therefore, these two habitats are likely to become increasingly important in the new Arctic with implications for carbon export and transfer in the ice-associated ecosystem. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change ice pack Sea ice Svalbard eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Frontiers in Marine Science 5 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtasecite |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental Sciences Ecological Applications Ecological Impacts of Climate Change |
spellingShingle |
Environmental Sciences Ecological Applications Ecological Impacts of Climate Change Fernandez-Mendez, M Olsen, LM Kauko, HM Meyer, A Rosel, A Merkouriadi, I Mundy, CJ Ehn, JK Johansson, AM Wagner, PM Ervik, A Sorrell, BK Duarte, P Wold, A Hop, H Assmy, P Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
topic_facet |
Environmental Sciences Ecological Applications Ecological Impacts of Climate Change |
description |
During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because they are complex structures that are difficult to sample. Snow infiltration communities can grow at the snow-ice interface when flooded. They have been commonly observed in the Antarctic, but rarely in the Arctic, where flooding is less common mainly due to a lower snow-to-ice thickness ratio. Combining biomass measurements and algal community analysis with under-ice irradiance and current measurements as well as light modeling, we comprehensively describe these two algal habitats in an Arctic pack ice environment. High biomass accumulation in ridges was facilitated by complex surfaces for algal deposition and attachment, increased light availability, and protection against strong under-ice currents. Notably, specific locations within the ridges were found to host distinct ice algal communities. The pennate diatoms Nitzschia frigida and Navicula species dominated the underside and inclined walls of submerged ice blocks, while the centric diatom Shionodiscus bioculatus dominated the top surfaces of the submerged ice blocks. Higher light levels than those in and below the sea ice, low mesozooplankton grazing, and physical concentration likely contributed to the high algal biomass at the snow-ice interface. These snow infiltration communities were dominated by Phaeocystis pouchetii and chain-forming pelagic diatoms ( Fragilariopsis oceanica and Chaetoceros gelidus ). Ridges are likely to form more frequently in a thinner and more dynamic ice pack, while the predicted increase in Arctic precipitation in some regions in combination with the thinning Arctic icescape might lead to larger areas of sea ice with negative freeboard and subsequent flooding during the melt season. Therefore, these two habitats are likely to become increasingly important in the new Arctic with implications for carbon export and transfer in the ice-associated ecosystem. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fernandez-Mendez, M Olsen, LM Kauko, HM Meyer, A Rosel, A Merkouriadi, I Mundy, CJ Ehn, JK Johansson, AM Wagner, PM Ervik, A Sorrell, BK Duarte, P Wold, A Hop, H Assmy, P |
author_facet |
Fernandez-Mendez, M Olsen, LM Kauko, HM Meyer, A Rosel, A Merkouriadi, I Mundy, CJ Ehn, JK Johansson, AM Wagner, PM Ervik, A Sorrell, BK Duarte, P Wold, A Hop, H Assmy, P |
author_sort |
Fernandez-Mendez, M |
title |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_short |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_full |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_fullStr |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_full_unstemmed |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_sort |
algal hot spots in a changing arctic ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
publisher |
Frontiers Research Foundation |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/125318 |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic The Antarctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change ice pack Sea ice Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change ice pack Sea ice Svalbard |
op_relation |
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/125318/1/Fernandez2018.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 Fernandez-Mendez, M and Olsen, LM and Kauko, HM and Meyer, A and Rosel, A and Merkouriadi, I and Mundy, CJ and Ehn, JK and Johansson, AM and Wagner, PM and Ervik, A and Sorrell, BK and Duarte, P and Wold, A and Hop, H and Assmy, P, Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface, Frontiers in Marine Science, 5 Article 75. ISSN 2296-7745 (2018) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/125318 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
5 |
_version_ |
1766250748672212992 |