Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific
The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) significantly contributes to the total uptake and storage of anthropogenic gases, such as CO 2 and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), within the world's oceans. SAMW and AAIW formation rates in the South Pacific ar...
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ftunivtasecite:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:119850 2023-05-15T13:49:03+02:00 Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific Hartin, CA Fine, RA Sloyan, BM Talley, LD Chereskin, TK Happell, J 2011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.02.010 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/119850 en eng Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.02.010 Hartin, CA and Fine, RA and Sloyan, BM and Talley, LD and Chereskin, TK and Happell, J, Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific, Deep-Sea Research. Part 1: Oceanographic Research Papers, 58, (5) pp. 524-534. ISSN 0967-0637 (2011) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/119850 Earth Sciences Oceanography Physical Oceanography Refereed Article PeerReviewed 2011 ftunivtasecite https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.02.010 2019-12-13T22:19:02Z The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) significantly contributes to the total uptake and storage of anthropogenic gases, such as CO 2 and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), within the world's oceans. SAMW and AAIW formation rates in the South Pacific are quantified based on CFC-12 inventories using hydrographic data from WOCE, CLIVAR, and data collected in the austral winter of 2005. This study documents the first wintertime observations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations with respect to the 2005 atmosphere in the formation region of the southeast Pacific for SAMW and AAIW. SAMW is 94% and 95% saturated for CFC-11 and CFC-12, respectively, and AAIW is 60% saturated for both CFC-11 and CFC-12. SAMW is defined from the Subantarctic Front to the equator between potential densities 26.80-27.06kgm -3 , and AAIW is defined from the Polar Front to 20N between potential densities 27.06-27.40kgm -3 . CFC-12 inventories are 16.010 6 moles for SAMW and 8.710 6 moles for AAIW, corresponding to formation rates of 7.32.1Sv for SAMW and 5.81.7Sv for AAIW circulating within the South Pacific. Inter-ocean transports of SAMW from the South Pacific to the South Atlantic are estimated to be 4.40.6Sv. Thus, the total formation of SAMW in the South Pacific is approximately 11.72.2Sv. These formation rates represent the average formation rates over the major period of CFC input, from 1970 to 2005. The CFC-12 inventory maps provide direct evidence for two areas of formation of SAMW, one in the southeast Pacific and one in the central Pacific. Furthermore, eddies in the central Pacific containing high CFC concentrations may contribute to SAMW and to a lesser extent AAIW formation. These CFC-derived rates provide a baseline with which to compare past and future formation rates of SAMW and AAIW. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) Antarctic Austral Pacific Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 58 5 524 534 |
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Open Polar |
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eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivtasecite |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth Sciences Oceanography Physical Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Earth Sciences Oceanography Physical Oceanography Hartin, CA Fine, RA Sloyan, BM Talley, LD Chereskin, TK Happell, J Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific |
topic_facet |
Earth Sciences Oceanography Physical Oceanography |
description |
The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) significantly contributes to the total uptake and storage of anthropogenic gases, such as CO 2 and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), within the world's oceans. SAMW and AAIW formation rates in the South Pacific are quantified based on CFC-12 inventories using hydrographic data from WOCE, CLIVAR, and data collected in the austral winter of 2005. This study documents the first wintertime observations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations with respect to the 2005 atmosphere in the formation region of the southeast Pacific for SAMW and AAIW. SAMW is 94% and 95% saturated for CFC-11 and CFC-12, respectively, and AAIW is 60% saturated for both CFC-11 and CFC-12. SAMW is defined from the Subantarctic Front to the equator between potential densities 26.80-27.06kgm -3 , and AAIW is defined from the Polar Front to 20N between potential densities 27.06-27.40kgm -3 . CFC-12 inventories are 16.010 6 moles for SAMW and 8.710 6 moles for AAIW, corresponding to formation rates of 7.32.1Sv for SAMW and 5.81.7Sv for AAIW circulating within the South Pacific. Inter-ocean transports of SAMW from the South Pacific to the South Atlantic are estimated to be 4.40.6Sv. Thus, the total formation of SAMW in the South Pacific is approximately 11.72.2Sv. These formation rates represent the average formation rates over the major period of CFC input, from 1970 to 2005. The CFC-12 inventory maps provide direct evidence for two areas of formation of SAMW, one in the southeast Pacific and one in the central Pacific. Furthermore, eddies in the central Pacific containing high CFC concentrations may contribute to SAMW and to a lesser extent AAIW formation. These CFC-derived rates provide a baseline with which to compare past and future formation rates of SAMW and AAIW. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hartin, CA Fine, RA Sloyan, BM Talley, LD Chereskin, TK Happell, J |
author_facet |
Hartin, CA Fine, RA Sloyan, BM Talley, LD Chereskin, TK Happell, J |
author_sort |
Hartin, CA |
title |
Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific |
title_short |
Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific |
title_full |
Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific |
title_fullStr |
Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific |
title_full_unstemmed |
Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific |
title_sort |
formation rates of subantarctic mode water and antarctic intermediate water within the south pacific |
publisher |
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.02.010 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/119850 |
geographic |
Antarctic Austral Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Austral Pacific |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.02.010 Hartin, CA and Fine, RA and Sloyan, BM and Talley, LD and Chereskin, TK and Happell, J, Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific, Deep-Sea Research. Part 1: Oceanographic Research Papers, 58, (5) pp. 524-534. ISSN 0967-0637 (2011) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/119850 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.02.010 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers |
container_volume |
58 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
524 |
op_container_end_page |
534 |
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1766250723328131072 |