In situ light responses of the proteorhodopsin-bearing Antarctic sea-ice bacterium, Psychroflexus torques

• Published in: The ISME Journal
• Main Authors: Burr, DJ, Martin, A, Maas, EW, Ryan, KG
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Nature Publishing Group 2017
• Subjects: Biological Sciences; Microbiology; Microbial Ecology; Antarctic; Antarc*; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.65; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28524871; http://ecite.utas.edu.au/116987

Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a wide-spread protein found in many marine prokaryotes. PR allows for the potential conversion of solar energy to ATP, possibly assisting in cellular growth and survival during periods of high environmental stress. PR utilises either blue or green light through a single amino acid substitution. We incubated the PR-bearing bacterium Psychroflexus torquis 50cm deep within Antarctic sea ice for 13 days, exposing cultures to diurnal fluctuations in light and temperature. Enhanced growth occurred most prominently in cultures incubated under irradiance levels of ∼50μmol photons m −2 s −1 , suggesting PR provides a strong selective advantage. In addition, cultures grown under blue light yielded over 5.5 times more live cells per photon compared to green-light incubations. Because P. torquis expresses an apparently green-shifted PR gene variant, this finding infers that the spectral tuning of PR is more complex than previously thought. This study supports the theory that PR provides additional energy to bacteria under sub-optimal conditions, and raises several points of interest to be addressed by future research.