Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport

In the early 1990s it was hypothesized that the global warming process would produce an increase in sealand temperature gradients and, subsequently, enhance the wind patterns responsible for coastal upwelling. Hence, an increase in the intensity of coastal upwelling was expected in the main upwellin...

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Published in:Climate Research
Main Authors: Pardo, PC, Padin, XA, Gilcoto, M, Farina-Busto, L, Perez, FF
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Inter-Research 2011
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00989
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/103044
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spelling ftunivtasecite:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:103044 2023-05-15T17:32:08+02:00 Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport Pardo, PC Padin, XA Gilcoto, M Farina-Busto, L Perez, FF 2011 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00989 http://ecite.utas.edu.au/103044 en eng Inter-Research http://ecite.utas.edu.au/103044/1/231 Pardo.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr00989 Pardo, PC and Padin, XA and Gilcoto, M and Farina-Busto, L and Perez, FF, Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport, Climate Research, 48, (2-3) pp. 231-246. ISSN 0936-577X (2011) [Refereed Article] http://ecite.utas.edu.au/103044 Earth Sciences Atmospheric Sciences Climate Change Processes Refereed Article PeerReviewed 2011 ftunivtasecite https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00989 2019-12-13T22:04:36Z In the early 1990s it was hypothesized that the global warming process would produce an increase in sealand temperature gradients and, subsequently, enhance the wind patterns responsible for coastal upwelling. Hence, an increase in the intensity of coastal upwelling was expected in the main upwelling ecosystems around the world. However, recently published analyses of the evolution of coastal upwelling processes have shown contradictory evidence. For this reason, time series of sea-surface temperature (SST) and the upwelling index I w extracted from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project database and covering the last 6 decades were studied. The time series analyses focused on the northern part of the Canary Current System and included comparisons with upwelling systems off NW Africa, California, Benguela and Peru. Climatic indices, including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, Eastern Atlantic Pattern, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation Index and North Atlantic Oscillation, were investigated to explain the variability found in the NCEP/NCAR time series. A general sea-surface warming and weakening of the upwelling intensity in the Iberian/Canary and NW African regions were found and these have intensified in the last 4 decades. These trends were clearly observed in winter and autumn for both regions, and a weakening in the upwelling intensity was also detected in summer in the NW African region. The North Atlantic Oscillation and the Eastern Atlantic Pattern indices correlated with both SST and I w , particularly in winter and spring, and also with both the Iberian/Canary and NW African regions. No clear trend was found for the California region, while, conforming to the hypothesis, the Benguela region exhibited enhancement of upwelling, but only slight sea-surface warming. In contrast, the Peru region indicated a weakening of upwelling accompanied by marginal sea-surface warming. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania) Pacific Climate Research 48 2 231 246
institution Open Polar
collection eCite UTAS (University of Tasmania)
op_collection_id ftunivtasecite
language English
topic Earth Sciences
Atmospheric Sciences
Climate Change Processes
spellingShingle Earth Sciences
Atmospheric Sciences
Climate Change Processes
Pardo, PC
Padin, XA
Gilcoto, M
Farina-Busto, L
Perez, FF
Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport
topic_facet Earth Sciences
Atmospheric Sciences
Climate Change Processes
description In the early 1990s it was hypothesized that the global warming process would produce an increase in sealand temperature gradients and, subsequently, enhance the wind patterns responsible for coastal upwelling. Hence, an increase in the intensity of coastal upwelling was expected in the main upwelling ecosystems around the world. However, recently published analyses of the evolution of coastal upwelling processes have shown contradictory evidence. For this reason, time series of sea-surface temperature (SST) and the upwelling index I w extracted from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project database and covering the last 6 decades were studied. The time series analyses focused on the northern part of the Canary Current System and included comparisons with upwelling systems off NW Africa, California, Benguela and Peru. Climatic indices, including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, Eastern Atlantic Pattern, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation Index and North Atlantic Oscillation, were investigated to explain the variability found in the NCEP/NCAR time series. A general sea-surface warming and weakening of the upwelling intensity in the Iberian/Canary and NW African regions were found and these have intensified in the last 4 decades. These trends were clearly observed in winter and autumn for both regions, and a weakening in the upwelling intensity was also detected in summer in the NW African region. The North Atlantic Oscillation and the Eastern Atlantic Pattern indices correlated with both SST and I w , particularly in winter and spring, and also with both the Iberian/Canary and NW African regions. No clear trend was found for the California region, while, conforming to the hypothesis, the Benguela region exhibited enhancement of upwelling, but only slight sea-surface warming. In contrast, the Peru region indicated a weakening of upwelling accompanied by marginal sea-surface warming.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Pardo, PC
Padin, XA
Gilcoto, M
Farina-Busto, L
Perez, FF
author_facet Pardo, PC
Padin, XA
Gilcoto, M
Farina-Busto, L
Perez, FF
author_sort Pardo, PC
title Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport
title_short Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport
title_full Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport
title_fullStr Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport
title_full_unstemmed Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport
title_sort evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and ekman transport
publisher Inter-Research
publishDate 2011
url https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00989
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/103044
geographic Pacific
geographic_facet Pacific
genre North Atlantic
North Atlantic oscillation
genre_facet North Atlantic
North Atlantic oscillation
op_relation http://ecite.utas.edu.au/103044/1/231 Pardo.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr00989
Pardo, PC and Padin, XA and Gilcoto, M and Farina-Busto, L and Perez, FF, Evolution of upwelling systems coupled to the long-term variability in sea surface temperature and Ekman transport, Climate Research, 48, (2-3) pp. 231-246. ISSN 0936-577X (2011) [Refereed Article]
http://ecite.utas.edu.au/103044
op_doi https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00989
container_title Climate Research
container_volume 48
container_issue 2
container_start_page 231
op_container_end_page 246
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