The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
Metal halide lights are currently used as standard in commercial Atlantic salmon sea cages as a means of enhancing productivity through grilse inhibition. However, such systems create bright point light sources that are neither environment specific nor species specific and could potentially compromi...
Published in: | Aquaculture |
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/9352 2023-05-15T15:30:42+02:00 The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar Migaud, Herve Cowan, Mairi Taylor, John Ferguson, Hugh Institute of Aquaculture Machrihanish orcid:0000-0002-5404-7512 orcid:0000-0003-4370-7922 2007-09 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9352 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.064 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/9352/1/migaudcowanetal_aquaculture_2007.pdf en eng Elsevier Migaud H, Cowan M, Taylor J & Ferguson H (2007) The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture, 270 (1-4), pp. 390-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.064 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9352 doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.064 WOS:000249448300039 2-s2.0-34547678242 763585 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/9352/1/migaudcowanetal_aquaculture_2007.pdf The publisher does not allow this work to be made publicly available in this Repository. Please use the Request a Copy feature at the foot of the Repository record to request a copy directly from the author. You can only request a copy if you wish to use this work for your own research or private study. http://www.rioxx.net/licenses/under-embargo-all-rights-reserved 2999-12-31 [migaudcowanetal_aquaculture_2007.pdf] The publisher does not allow this work to be made publicly available in this Repository therefore there is an embargo on the full text of the work. Salmo salar Artificial light LED Stress Retina damage Photoreceptors Atlantic salmon Fishes Quality Salmon fisheries Scotland Management Journal Article VoR - Version of Record 2007 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.064 2022-06-13T18:42:06Z Metal halide lights are currently used as standard in commercial Atlantic salmon sea cages as a means of enhancing productivity through grilse inhibition. However, such systems create bright point light sources that are neither environment specific nor species specific and could potentially compromise fish welfare. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are a new form of lighting technology currently being developed for the fish farming industry that can be tuned to environment and species sensitivities through narrow bandwidth outputs. However, prior to implementing these new high energy alternatives, any potential adverse effects must be determined in fish. The objectives of this study were thus (1) to determine the effect of increasing intensities of blue LED light (0.199-2.7 W m- 2, at 0.1 m from the light source) on light perception and stress response, and (2) to examine potential retinal damage under these conditions in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. A white LED light was also tested, as well as a very high intensity metal halide positive control. Results demonstrated firstly that salmon perceived blue LED light (basal melatonin levels maintained) irrespective of intensity. Secondly, fish exposed to high intensity blue LED light showed an increase in plasma cortisol and glucose levels within 3 h, returning to a basal state 24 h post-light onset. This typical acute stress response was not observed in fish exposed to the white LED light and lower blue light intensities which could indicate differential sensitivities to spectral content of the light. No effects on the non-specific immune system (lysozyme activity) were observed. Finally, extensive histological examination of the retina from fish exposed to these various light treatments revealed no signs of damage. This demonstrates the efficiency of the adaptive mechanisms to light developed in fish. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository Aquaculture 270 1-4 390 404 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
Salmo salar Artificial light LED Stress Retina damage Photoreceptors Atlantic salmon Fishes Quality Salmon fisheries Scotland Management |
spellingShingle |
Salmo salar Artificial light LED Stress Retina damage Photoreceptors Atlantic salmon Fishes Quality Salmon fisheries Scotland Management Migaud, Herve Cowan, Mairi Taylor, John Ferguson, Hugh The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar |
topic_facet |
Salmo salar Artificial light LED Stress Retina damage Photoreceptors Atlantic salmon Fishes Quality Salmon fisheries Scotland Management |
description |
Metal halide lights are currently used as standard in commercial Atlantic salmon sea cages as a means of enhancing productivity through grilse inhibition. However, such systems create bright point light sources that are neither environment specific nor species specific and could potentially compromise fish welfare. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are a new form of lighting technology currently being developed for the fish farming industry that can be tuned to environment and species sensitivities through narrow bandwidth outputs. However, prior to implementing these new high energy alternatives, any potential adverse effects must be determined in fish. The objectives of this study were thus (1) to determine the effect of increasing intensities of blue LED light (0.199-2.7 W m- 2, at 0.1 m from the light source) on light perception and stress response, and (2) to examine potential retinal damage under these conditions in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. A white LED light was also tested, as well as a very high intensity metal halide positive control. Results demonstrated firstly that salmon perceived blue LED light (basal melatonin levels maintained) irrespective of intensity. Secondly, fish exposed to high intensity blue LED light showed an increase in plasma cortisol and glucose levels within 3 h, returning to a basal state 24 h post-light onset. This typical acute stress response was not observed in fish exposed to the white LED light and lower blue light intensities which could indicate differential sensitivities to spectral content of the light. No effects on the non-specific immune system (lysozyme activity) were observed. Finally, extensive histological examination of the retina from fish exposed to these various light treatments revealed no signs of damage. This demonstrates the efficiency of the adaptive mechanisms to light developed in fish. |
author2 |
Institute of Aquaculture Machrihanish orcid:0000-0002-5404-7512 orcid:0000-0003-4370-7922 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Migaud, Herve Cowan, Mairi Taylor, John Ferguson, Hugh |
author_facet |
Migaud, Herve Cowan, Mairi Taylor, John Ferguson, Hugh |
author_sort |
Migaud, Herve |
title |
The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar |
title_short |
The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar |
title_full |
The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar |
title_fullStr |
The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar |
title_sort |
effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt atlantic salmon, salmo salar |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9352 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.064 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/9352/1/migaudcowanetal_aquaculture_2007.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
Migaud H, Cowan M, Taylor J & Ferguson H (2007) The effect of spectral composition and light intensity on melatonin, stress and retinal damage in post-smolt Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture, 270 (1-4), pp. 390-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.064 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9352 doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.064 WOS:000249448300039 2-s2.0-34547678242 763585 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/9352/1/migaudcowanetal_aquaculture_2007.pdf |
op_rights |
The publisher does not allow this work to be made publicly available in this Repository. Please use the Request a Copy feature at the foot of the Repository record to request a copy directly from the author. You can only request a copy if you wish to use this work for your own research or private study. http://www.rioxx.net/licenses/under-embargo-all-rights-reserved 2999-12-31 [migaudcowanetal_aquaculture_2007.pdf] The publisher does not allow this work to be made publicly available in this Repository therefore there is an embargo on the full text of the work. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.064 |
container_title |
Aquaculture |
container_volume |
270 |
container_issue |
1-4 |
container_start_page |
390 |
op_container_end_page |
404 |
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1766361155983376384 |