Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758)
Neutrophils release chromatin extracellular traps (ETs) as part of the fish innate immune response to counter the threats posed by microbial pathogens. However, relatively little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in many commercially farmed species, despite the importance of understanding h...
Published in: | Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33215/1/1-s2.0-S105046482100245X-main.pdf |
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/33215 2023-05-15T15:31:55+02:00 Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758) Álvarez de Haro, Neila Van, Andre P Robb, Calum T Rossi, Adriano G Desbois, Andrew P BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Institute of Aquaculture University of Edinburgh orcid:0000-0001-6052-8761 2021-12 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33215/1/1-s2.0-S105046482100245X-main.pdf en eng Elsevier Álvarez de Haro N, Van AP, Robb CT, Rossi AG & Desbois AP (2021) Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 119, pp. 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 The role of chromatin extracellular traps in host defence of fish against pathogens BB/M026132/1 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33215 doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 34438058 WOS:000709957500006 2-s2.0-85116682249 1751567 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33215/1/1-s2.0-S105046482100245X-main.pdf This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY ETosis Macrophage NETosis Neutrophil extracellular traps Polymorphonucleocyte Journal Article VoR - Version of Record 2021 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 2022-06-13T18:42:18Z Neutrophils release chromatin extracellular traps (ETs) as part of the fish innate immune response to counter the threats posed by microbial pathogens. However, relatively little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in many commercially farmed species, despite the importance of understanding host-pathogen interactions and the potential to influence ET release to reduce disease outbreaks. The aim of this present study was to investigate the release of ETs by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) immune cells. Extracellular structures resembling ETs of different morphology were observed by fluorescence microscopy in neutrophil suspensions in vitro, as these structures stained positively with Sytox Green and were digestible with DNase I. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the ET structures to be decorated with histones H1 and H2A and neutrophil elastase, which are characteristic for ETs in mammals and other organisms. Although the ETs were released spontaneously, release in neutrophil suspensions was stimulated most significantly with 5 μg/ml calcium ionophore (CaI) for 1 h, whilst the fish pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida (isolates 30411 and Hooke) also exerted a stimulatory effect. Microscopic observations revealed bacteria in association with ETs, and fewer bacterial colonies of A. salmonicida Hooke were recovered at 3 h after co-incubation with neutrophils that had been induced to release ETs. Interestingly, spontaneous release of ETs was inversely associated with fish mass (p < 0.05), a surrogate for age. Moreover, suspensions enriched for macrophages and stimulated with 5 μg/ml CaI released ET-like structures that occasionally led to the formation of large clumps of cells. A deeper understanding for the roles and functions of ETs within innate immunity of fish hosts, and their interaction with microbial pathogens, may open new avenues towards protecting cultured stocks against infectious diseases. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository Hooke ENVELOPE(-66.713,-66.713,-67.190,-67.190) Fish & Shellfish Immunology 119 209 219 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
ETosis Macrophage NETosis Neutrophil extracellular traps Polymorphonucleocyte |
spellingShingle |
ETosis Macrophage NETosis Neutrophil extracellular traps Polymorphonucleocyte Álvarez de Haro, Neila Van, Andre P Robb, Calum T Rossi, Adriano G Desbois, Andrew P Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758) |
topic_facet |
ETosis Macrophage NETosis Neutrophil extracellular traps Polymorphonucleocyte |
description |
Neutrophils release chromatin extracellular traps (ETs) as part of the fish innate immune response to counter the threats posed by microbial pathogens. However, relatively little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in many commercially farmed species, despite the importance of understanding host-pathogen interactions and the potential to influence ET release to reduce disease outbreaks. The aim of this present study was to investigate the release of ETs by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) immune cells. Extracellular structures resembling ETs of different morphology were observed by fluorescence microscopy in neutrophil suspensions in vitro, as these structures stained positively with Sytox Green and were digestible with DNase I. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the ET structures to be decorated with histones H1 and H2A and neutrophil elastase, which are characteristic for ETs in mammals and other organisms. Although the ETs were released spontaneously, release in neutrophil suspensions was stimulated most significantly with 5 μg/ml calcium ionophore (CaI) for 1 h, whilst the fish pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida (isolates 30411 and Hooke) also exerted a stimulatory effect. Microscopic observations revealed bacteria in association with ETs, and fewer bacterial colonies of A. salmonicida Hooke were recovered at 3 h after co-incubation with neutrophils that had been induced to release ETs. Interestingly, spontaneous release of ETs was inversely associated with fish mass (p < 0.05), a surrogate for age. Moreover, suspensions enriched for macrophages and stimulated with 5 μg/ml CaI released ET-like structures that occasionally led to the formation of large clumps of cells. A deeper understanding for the roles and functions of ETs within innate immunity of fish hosts, and their interaction with microbial pathogens, may open new avenues towards protecting cultured stocks against infectious diseases. |
author2 |
BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Institute of Aquaculture University of Edinburgh orcid:0000-0001-6052-8761 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Álvarez de Haro, Neila Van, Andre P Robb, Calum T Rossi, Adriano G Desbois, Andrew P |
author_facet |
Álvarez de Haro, Neila Van, Andre P Robb, Calum T Rossi, Adriano G Desbois, Andrew P |
author_sort |
Álvarez de Haro, Neila |
title |
Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758) |
title_short |
Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758) |
title_full |
Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758) |
title_fullStr |
Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758) |
title_sort |
release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of atlantic salmon, salmo salar (linnaeus, 1758) |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33215/1/1-s2.0-S105046482100245X-main.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-66.713,-66.713,-67.190,-67.190) |
geographic |
Hooke |
geographic_facet |
Hooke |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
Álvarez de Haro N, Van AP, Robb CT, Rossi AG & Desbois AP (2021) Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (LINNAEUS, 1758). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 119, pp. 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 The role of chromatin extracellular traps in host defence of fish against pathogens BB/M026132/1 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33215 doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 34438058 WOS:000709957500006 2-s2.0-85116682249 1751567 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33215/1/1-s2.0-S105046482100245X-main.pdf |
op_rights |
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023 |
container_title |
Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
container_volume |
119 |
container_start_page |
209 |
op_container_end_page |
219 |
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1766362416955785216 |