A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer
Atlantic salmon aquaculture is undergoing an expansion of land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), especially for freshwater (FW) stages of production. Juvenile salmon undergo parr-smolt transformation, also known as smoltification and become pre-adapted to tolerate seawater (SW). One asp...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33144 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33144/1/fmars-08-711797.pdf |
id |
ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/33144 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
aquaculture Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) intestine microbiome recirculating aquaculture systems temporal |
spellingShingle |
aquaculture Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) intestine microbiome recirculating aquaculture systems temporal Lorgen-Ritchie, Marlene Clarkson, Michael Chalmers, Lynn Taylor, John F Migaud, Herve Martin, Samuel A M A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer |
topic_facet |
aquaculture Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) intestine microbiome recirculating aquaculture systems temporal |
description |
Atlantic salmon aquaculture is undergoing an expansion of land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), especially for freshwater (FW) stages of production. Juvenile salmon undergo parr-smolt transformation, also known as smoltification and become pre-adapted to tolerate seawater (SW). One aspect requiring study is the development of microbial communities during this time, especially in RAS systems. Here we analyzed temporal changes in microbiome associated with the intestine in Atlantic salmon during smolt production in a commercial RAS production facility and followed the same cohort of fish post-seawater transfer (SWT), using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial diversity and richness showed an increase over time across FW production, but declined sharply and significantly 1-week post-SWT before re-establishing itself with a completely different community structure after 4 weeks. Core microbial taxa could be assigned to three distinct categories; (1) omnipresent, (2) salinity specific, or (3) transient. By including diet and water samples in the analyses, we classified true core taxa associated with the host, those associated with the diet, and transient cores associated with microbial communities in tank water. The rising trend observed in microbial richness in the water may be a consequence of a temporal increase in organic load while dominance of Vibrionaceae may be attributed to the higher temperatures maintained during RAS production and above average natural water temperatures post-SWT. Functional analysis suggests modulation of metabolic pathways post-SWT, but downstream impacts on fish growth and health in a commercial setting remain to be elucidated. A deeper understanding of the interplay between microbial composition and functionality can play a role in optimizing fish performance in tightly regulated RAS production. |
author2 |
BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council University of Aberdeen Institute of Aquaculture orcid:0000-0002-1271-2991 orcid:0000-0003-4370-7922 orcid:0000-0002-5404-7512 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lorgen-Ritchie, Marlene Clarkson, Michael Chalmers, Lynn Taylor, John F Migaud, Herve Martin, Samuel A M |
author_facet |
Lorgen-Ritchie, Marlene Clarkson, Michael Chalmers, Lynn Taylor, John F Migaud, Herve Martin, Samuel A M |
author_sort |
Lorgen-Ritchie, Marlene |
title |
A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer |
title_short |
A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer |
title_full |
A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer |
title_fullStr |
A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer |
title_sort |
temporally dynamic gut microbiome in atlantic salmon during freshwater recirculating aquaculture system (ras) production and post-seawater transfer |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33144 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33144/1/fmars-08-711797.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
Lorgen-Ritchie M, Clarkson M, Chalmers L, Taylor JF, Migaud H & Martin SAM (2021) A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, Art. No.: 711797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 ROBUST-SMOLT Impact of Early Life History in Freshwater Recirculation Aquaculture Systems on A. Salmon Robustness and Susceptibility to Disease at Sea BB/S004432/1 711797 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33144 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 WOS:000723695300001 2-s2.0-85111036053 1749676 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33144/1/fmars-08-711797.pdf |
op_rights |
© 2021 Lorgen-Ritchie, Clarkson, Chalmers, Taylor, Migaud and Martin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1766360970372841472 |
spelling |
ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/33144 2023-05-15T15:30:31+02:00 A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer Lorgen-Ritchie, Marlene Clarkson, Michael Chalmers, Lynn Taylor, John F Migaud, Herve Martin, Samuel A M BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council University of Aberdeen Institute of Aquaculture orcid:0000-0002-1271-2991 orcid:0000-0003-4370-7922 orcid:0000-0002-5404-7512 2021 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33144 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33144/1/fmars-08-711797.pdf en eng Frontiers Media Lorgen-Ritchie M, Clarkson M, Chalmers L, Taylor JF, Migaud H & Martin SAM (2021) A Temporally Dynamic Gut Microbiome in Atlantic Salmon During Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) Production and Post-seawater Transfer. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, Art. No.: 711797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 ROBUST-SMOLT Impact of Early Life History in Freshwater Recirculation Aquaculture Systems on A. Salmon Robustness and Susceptibility to Disease at Sea BB/S004432/1 711797 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/33144 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 WOS:000723695300001 2-s2.0-85111036053 1749676 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33144/1/fmars-08-711797.pdf © 2021 Lorgen-Ritchie, Clarkson, Chalmers, Taylor, Migaud and Martin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY aquaculture Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) intestine microbiome recirculating aquaculture systems temporal Journal Article VoR - Version of Record 2021 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.711797 2022-06-13T18:46:11Z Atlantic salmon aquaculture is undergoing an expansion of land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), especially for freshwater (FW) stages of production. Juvenile salmon undergo parr-smolt transformation, also known as smoltification and become pre-adapted to tolerate seawater (SW). One aspect requiring study is the development of microbial communities during this time, especially in RAS systems. Here we analyzed temporal changes in microbiome associated with the intestine in Atlantic salmon during smolt production in a commercial RAS production facility and followed the same cohort of fish post-seawater transfer (SWT), using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial diversity and richness showed an increase over time across FW production, but declined sharply and significantly 1-week post-SWT before re-establishing itself with a completely different community structure after 4 weeks. Core microbial taxa could be assigned to three distinct categories; (1) omnipresent, (2) salinity specific, or (3) transient. By including diet and water samples in the analyses, we classified true core taxa associated with the host, those associated with the diet, and transient cores associated with microbial communities in tank water. The rising trend observed in microbial richness in the water may be a consequence of a temporal increase in organic load while dominance of Vibrionaceae may be attributed to the higher temperatures maintained during RAS production and above average natural water temperatures post-SWT. Functional analysis suggests modulation of metabolic pathways post-SWT, but downstream impacts on fish growth and health in a commercial setting remain to be elucidated. A deeper understanding of the interplay between microbial composition and functionality can play a role in optimizing fish performance in tightly regulated RAS production. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |