SHCAL20 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-55,000 years cal BP

• Published in: Radiocarbon
• Main Authors: Hogg, Alan G, Heaton, Timothy J, Hua, Quan, Palmer, Jonathan G, Turney, Christian S M, Southon, John, Bayliss, Alex, Blackwell, Paul G, Goswijk, Gretel, Bronk Ramsey, Christopher, Pearson, Charlotte, Petchey, Fiona, Reimer, Paula, Reimer, Ron, Wacker, Lukas
• Other Authors: University of Waikato, University of Sheffield, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology (ANSTO), University of New South Wales, University of California, Irvine, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Auckland, University of Oxford, University of Arizona, Queen's University Belfast, ETH Zurich, orcid:0000-0003-2782-1979
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2020
• Subjects: carbon cycle; Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ); interhemispheric gradient (IHG); North-South hemispheric offset; Southern Ocean; tropical and sub-tropical radiocarbon calibration
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/31560; https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.59; http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/31560/1/shcal20-southern-hemisphere-calibration-055000-years-cal-bp.pdf

Early researchers of radiocarbon levels in South Hemisphere tree rings identified a variable North-South hemispheric offset, necessitating construction of a separate radiocarbon calibration curve for the Southern Hemisphere. We present here SHCal20, a revised calibration curve from 0-55,000 cal BP, based upon SHCal13 and fortified by the addition of fourteen new tree-ring data sets in the 2140-0, 3520-3450, 3605-3590 and 13,140-11,375 cal BP time intervals. We detail the statistical approaches used for curve construction and present recommendations for the use of the Northern Hemisphere curve (IntCal20), the Southern Hemisphere curve (SHCal20) and suggest where application of a 50%:50% mixed curve might be more appropriate. Using our Bayesian spline with errors-in-variables methodology, and based upon a comparison of Southern Hemisphere tree-ring data compared with contemporary Northern Hemisphere data, we estimate the mean North-South offset to be 36 ± 27 14C yr.