The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model
Salmon production is an important industry in Scotland, with an estimated retail value >£1 billion. However, this salmon industry can be threatened by the invasion and spread of diseases. To reduce this risk, the industry is divided into management areas that are physically separated from each ot...
Published in: | Preventive Veterinary Medicine |
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2011
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3055 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675877 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/3055/1/STORRE.pdf |
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/3055 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
Fallowing Disease transmission Atlantic salmon SIS-model Epidemiology Atlantic salmon Diseases Fishes Infections Salmon industry Scotland |
spellingShingle |
Fallowing Disease transmission Atlantic salmon SIS-model Epidemiology Atlantic salmon Diseases Fishes Infections Salmon industry Scotland Werkman, Marleen Green, Darren Murray, Alexander G Turnbull, James The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model |
topic_facet |
Fallowing Disease transmission Atlantic salmon SIS-model Epidemiology Atlantic salmon Diseases Fishes Infections Salmon industry Scotland |
description |
Salmon production is an important industry in Scotland, with an estimated retail value >£1 billion. However, this salmon industry can be threatened by the invasion and spread of diseases. To reduce this risk, the industry is divided into management areas that are physically separated from each other. Pathogens can spread between farms by local processes such as water movement or by long-distance processes such as live fish movements. Here, network modelling was used to investigate the importance of transmission routes at these two scales. We used different disease transmission rates (beta), where infected farms had the probability of 0.10, 0.25 or 0.50 per month to infect each contacted farm. Interacting farms were modelled in such a way that neighbours within a management area could infect each other, resulting in two contacts per farm per month. In addition, non-local transmission occurred at random. Salmon are input to marine sites where they are raised to harvest size, the site is then fallowed; in the model the effects of different fallowing strategies (synchronised, partial synchronised and unsynchronised fallowing at the management area level) on the emergence of diseases were investigated. Synchronised fallowing was highly effective at eradicating epidemics when transmission rate is low (beta = 0.10) even when long distance contacts were fairly common (up to 1.5 farm−1 month−1). However for higher transmission rates, long distance contacts have to be kept at much lower levels (0.15 contacts month−1 where beta = 0.25) when synchronised fallowing was applied. If fallowing was partially synchronised or unsynchronised then low rates of long-distance contact are required (0.75 or 0.15 farm−1 month−1) even if beta = 0.10. These results demonstrate the potential benefits of having epidemiologically isolated management areas and applying synchronised fallowing. |
author2 |
University of Stirling Institute of Aquaculture Scottish Government - Enterprise, Environment & Digital - Marine Scotland orcid:0000-0001-9026-5675 orcid:0000-0003-0741-9747 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Werkman, Marleen Green, Darren Murray, Alexander G Turnbull, James |
author_facet |
Werkman, Marleen Green, Darren Murray, Alexander G Turnbull, James |
author_sort |
Werkman, Marleen |
title |
The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model |
title_short |
The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model |
title_full |
The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model |
title_fullStr |
The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model |
title_sort |
effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an sis model |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3055 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675877 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/3055/1/STORRE.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_relation |
Werkman M, Green D, Murray AG & Turnbull J (2011) The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 98 (1), pp. 64-73. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675877; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3055 doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675877 WOS:000286857900009 2-s2.0-78650309755 837214 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/3055/1/STORRE.pdf |
op_rights |
Published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine by Elsevier. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Volume 98, Issue 1, January 2011, pp. 64 - 73.; This is the peer reviewed version of this article.; NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, VOL 98, ISSUE 1, (January 2011). DOI:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 |
container_title |
Preventive Veterinary Medicine |
container_volume |
98 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
64 |
op_container_end_page |
73 |
_version_ |
1766362580738113536 |
spelling |
ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/3055 2023-05-15T15:32:05+02:00 The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model Werkman, Marleen Green, Darren Murray, Alexander G Turnbull, James University of Stirling Institute of Aquaculture Scottish Government - Enterprise, Environment & Digital - Marine Scotland orcid:0000-0001-9026-5675 orcid:0000-0003-0741-9747 2011-01 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3055 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675877 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/3055/1/STORRE.pdf en eng Elsevier Werkman M, Green D, Murray AG & Turnbull J (2011) The effectiveness of fallowing strategies in disease control in salmon aquaculture assessed with an SIS model. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 98 (1), pp. 64-73. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675877; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3055 doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675877 WOS:000286857900009 2-s2.0-78650309755 837214 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/3055/1/STORRE.pdf Published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine by Elsevier. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Volume 98, Issue 1, January 2011, pp. 64 - 73.; This is the peer reviewed version of this article.; NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, VOL 98, ISSUE 1, (January 2011). DOI:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 Fallowing Disease transmission Atlantic salmon SIS-model Epidemiology Atlantic salmon Diseases Fishes Infections Salmon industry Scotland Journal Article AM - Accepted Manuscript 2011 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.10.004 2022-06-13T18:41:55Z Salmon production is an important industry in Scotland, with an estimated retail value >£1 billion. However, this salmon industry can be threatened by the invasion and spread of diseases. To reduce this risk, the industry is divided into management areas that are physically separated from each other. Pathogens can spread between farms by local processes such as water movement or by long-distance processes such as live fish movements. Here, network modelling was used to investigate the importance of transmission routes at these two scales. We used different disease transmission rates (beta), where infected farms had the probability of 0.10, 0.25 or 0.50 per month to infect each contacted farm. Interacting farms were modelled in such a way that neighbours within a management area could infect each other, resulting in two contacts per farm per month. In addition, non-local transmission occurred at random. Salmon are input to marine sites where they are raised to harvest size, the site is then fallowed; in the model the effects of different fallowing strategies (synchronised, partial synchronised and unsynchronised fallowing at the management area level) on the emergence of diseases were investigated. Synchronised fallowing was highly effective at eradicating epidemics when transmission rate is low (beta = 0.10) even when long distance contacts were fairly common (up to 1.5 farm−1 month−1). However for higher transmission rates, long distance contacts have to be kept at much lower levels (0.15 contacts month−1 where beta = 0.25) when synchronised fallowing was applied. If fallowing was partially synchronised or unsynchronised then low rates of long-distance contact are required (0.75 or 0.15 farm−1 month−1) even if beta = 0.10. These results demonstrate the potential benefits of having epidemiologically isolated management areas and applying synchronised fallowing. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository Preventive Veterinary Medicine 98 1 64 73 |