Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images
Automatic detection of icebergs in satellite images is regarded a useful tool to provide information necessary for safety in Arctic shipping or operations over large ocean areas in near-real time. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of automatic iceberg detection in Sentinel-1 Extra Wide S...
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/29328 2023-05-15T15:17:45+02:00 Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images Soldal, Ingri Halland Dierking, Wolfgang Korosov, Anton Marino, Armando The Research Council of Norway The Arctic University of Norway Nansen Environmental Research Centre (India) Ltd Biological and Environmental Sciences orcid:0000-0002-3601-1161 orcid:0000-0002-4531-3102 2019-04-03 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29328 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070806 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29328/1/remotesensing-11-00806-v2.pdf en eng MDPI AG Soldal IH, Dierking W, Korosov A & Marino A (2019) Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images. Remote Sensing, 11 (7), Art. No.: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070806 806 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29328 doi:10.3390/rs11070806 WOS:000465549300071 2-s2.0-85063990860 1268789 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29328/1/remotesensing-11-00806-v2.pdf This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY iceberg detection CFAR iDPolRAD SAR optical images Journal Article VoR - Version of Record 2019 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070806 2022-06-13T18:43:49Z Automatic detection of icebergs in satellite images is regarded a useful tool to provide information necessary for safety in Arctic shipping or operations over large ocean areas in near-real time. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of automatic iceberg detection in Sentinel-1 Extra Wide Swath (EWS) SAR images which follow the preferred image mode in operational ice charting. As test region, we selected the Barents Sea where the size of many icebergs is on the order of the spatial resolution of the EWS-mode. We tested a new approach for a detection scheme. It is based on a combination of a filter for enhancing the contrast between icebergs and background, subsequent blob detection, and final application of a Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm. The filter relies mainly on the HV-polarized intensity which often reveals a larger difference between icebergs and sea ice or open water. The blob detector identifies locations of potential icebergs and thus shortens computation time. The final detection is performed on the identified blobs using the CFAR algorithm. About 2000 icebergs captured in fast ice were visually identified in Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Imager (MSI) data and exploited for an assessment of the detection scheme performance using confusion matrices. For our performance tests, we used four Sentinel-1 EWS images. For judging the effect of spatial resolution, we carried out an additional test with one Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide Swath (IWS) mode image. Our results show that only 8–22 percent of the icebergs could be detected in the EWS images, and over 90 percent of all detections were false alarms. In IWS mode, the number of correctly identified icebergs increased to 38 percent. However, we obtained a larger number of false alarms in the IWS image than in the corresponding EWS image. We identified two problems for iceberg detection: 1) with the given frequency–polarization combination, not all icebergs are strong scatterers at HV-polarization, and (2) icebergs and deformation ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Barents Sea Iceberg* Sea ice University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository Arctic Barents Sea The Blob ENVELOPE(-124.933,-124.933,-73.400,-73.400) Remote Sensing 11 7 806 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
iceberg detection CFAR iDPolRAD SAR optical images |
spellingShingle |
iceberg detection CFAR iDPolRAD SAR optical images Soldal, Ingri Halland Dierking, Wolfgang Korosov, Anton Marino, Armando Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images |
topic_facet |
iceberg detection CFAR iDPolRAD SAR optical images |
description |
Automatic detection of icebergs in satellite images is regarded a useful tool to provide information necessary for safety in Arctic shipping or operations over large ocean areas in near-real time. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of automatic iceberg detection in Sentinel-1 Extra Wide Swath (EWS) SAR images which follow the preferred image mode in operational ice charting. As test region, we selected the Barents Sea where the size of many icebergs is on the order of the spatial resolution of the EWS-mode. We tested a new approach for a detection scheme. It is based on a combination of a filter for enhancing the contrast between icebergs and background, subsequent blob detection, and final application of a Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm. The filter relies mainly on the HV-polarized intensity which often reveals a larger difference between icebergs and sea ice or open water. The blob detector identifies locations of potential icebergs and thus shortens computation time. The final detection is performed on the identified blobs using the CFAR algorithm. About 2000 icebergs captured in fast ice were visually identified in Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Imager (MSI) data and exploited for an assessment of the detection scheme performance using confusion matrices. For our performance tests, we used four Sentinel-1 EWS images. For judging the effect of spatial resolution, we carried out an additional test with one Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide Swath (IWS) mode image. Our results show that only 8–22 percent of the icebergs could be detected in the EWS images, and over 90 percent of all detections were false alarms. In IWS mode, the number of correctly identified icebergs increased to 38 percent. However, we obtained a larger number of false alarms in the IWS image than in the corresponding EWS image. We identified two problems for iceberg detection: 1) with the given frequency–polarization combination, not all icebergs are strong scatterers at HV-polarization, and (2) icebergs and deformation ... |
author2 |
The Research Council of Norway The Arctic University of Norway Nansen Environmental Research Centre (India) Ltd Biological and Environmental Sciences orcid:0000-0002-3601-1161 orcid:0000-0002-4531-3102 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Soldal, Ingri Halland Dierking, Wolfgang Korosov, Anton Marino, Armando |
author_facet |
Soldal, Ingri Halland Dierking, Wolfgang Korosov, Anton Marino, Armando |
author_sort |
Soldal, Ingri Halland |
title |
Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images |
title_short |
Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images |
title_full |
Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images |
title_fullStr |
Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images |
title_full_unstemmed |
Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images |
title_sort |
automatic detection of small icebergs in fast ice using satellite wide-swath sar images |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29328 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070806 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29328/1/remotesensing-11-00806-v2.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-124.933,-124.933,-73.400,-73.400) |
geographic |
Arctic Barents Sea The Blob |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea The Blob |
genre |
Arctic Barents Sea Iceberg* Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea Iceberg* Sea ice |
op_relation |
Soldal IH, Dierking W, Korosov A & Marino A (2019) Automatic Detection of Small Icebergs in Fast Ice Using Satellite Wide-Swath SAR Images. Remote Sensing, 11 (7), Art. No.: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070806 806 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/29328 doi:10.3390/rs11070806 WOS:000465549300071 2-s2.0-85063990860 1268789 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/29328/1/remotesensing-11-00806-v2.pdf |
op_rights |
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070806 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
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11 |
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7 |
container_start_page |
806 |
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1766347991414734848 |