The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels
Oils extracted from the marine zooplankton, Calanus finmarchicus, have high levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and are therefore of interest as an alternative lipid source in aquafeeds. Copepod lipid is composed mainly of wax esters (WE) with high levels of saturated fatty acids and...
Published in: | Aquaculture |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2010
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2914 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/2914/1/SalmonCO%20paper.pdf |
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/2914 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic salmon fish oil replacement calanoid copepod oil Calanus finmarchicus temperature growth lipid fatty acid composition Fishes Feeding and feeds Fishes Nutrition |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic salmon fish oil replacement calanoid copepod oil Calanus finmarchicus temperature growth lipid fatty acid composition Fishes Feeding and feeds Fishes Nutrition Bogevik, Andre S Henderson, R James Mundheim, Harald Waagbo, Rune Tocher, Douglas R Olsen, Rolf E The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels |
topic_facet |
Atlantic salmon fish oil replacement calanoid copepod oil Calanus finmarchicus temperature growth lipid fatty acid composition Fishes Feeding and feeds Fishes Nutrition |
description |
Oils extracted from the marine zooplankton, Calanus finmarchicus, have high levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and are therefore of interest as an alternative lipid source in aquafeeds. Copepod lipid is composed mainly of wax esters (WE) with high levels of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty alcohols which are considered hard to digest, especially at low temperatures. This assumption has however not been verified and for this reason the present study examined the digestibility of diets containing high levels of WE and two fat levels in Atlantic salmon reared at 3 and 12 °C. The fish were acclimated for one month to 3 °C (485 g) and 12 °C (599 g) and then fed one of four diets, high fat fish oil (33% lipid, HFFO), high fat Calanus oil (32% lipid, HFCO), low fat fish oil (17% lipid, LFFO) and low fat Calanus oil (19% lipid, LFCO). The fish meal lipid content was lowered by the use of lipid-extracted fish oil (2.3% lipid). This enabled a level of 50% WE in the LFCO and HFCO oils, compared to 0% in the LFFO and HFFO diets. The fish were then allowed to grow to around 100% of initial weight (220 days at 3 °C and 67 days at 12 °C) and then analysed for faecal lipid digestibility, bile volume, bile composition and intestinal lipolytic activity. Differences were observed in all these parameters in relation to temperature, type of dietary oil and the lipid level in the diet. Faecal lipid content and lipid class composition were dependent on rearing temperature and the type of dietary lipid. Highest levels of undigested lipids were observed in the faeces of fish fed CO. Wax ester-derived fatty alcohols, particularly 20:1n-9 and 22:1n-11, were less extensively digested than corresponding fatty acids from FO at both fat levels and temperatures. Fish kept at 12 ºC had a significantly higher bile volume than fish at 3 ºC and higher volumes were found in fish fed CO diets compared to FO. Decreased faecal passage time at lower temperatures, was not sufficient to ensure high digestibility since the ... |
author2 |
Matre Aquaculture Research Station University of Stirling NOFIMA AS National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES) Institute of Aquaculture orcid:0000-0002-8603-9410 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bogevik, Andre S Henderson, R James Mundheim, Harald Waagbo, Rune Tocher, Douglas R Olsen, Rolf E |
author_facet |
Bogevik, Andre S Henderson, R James Mundheim, Harald Waagbo, Rune Tocher, Douglas R Olsen, Rolf E |
author_sort |
Bogevik, Andre S |
title |
The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels |
title_short |
The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels |
title_full |
The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels |
title_fullStr |
The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels |
title_full_unstemmed |
The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels |
title_sort |
influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) fed calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2914 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/2914/1/SalmonCO%20paper.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Calanus finmarchicus Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Calanus finmarchicus Salmo salar |
op_relation |
Bogevik AS, Henderson RJ, Mundheim H, Waagbo R, Tocher DR & Olsen RE (2010) The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels. Aquaculture, 309 (1-4), pp. 143-151. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2914 doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486 WOS:000284817600020 2-s2.0-78049526828 838407 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/2914/1/SalmonCO%20paper.pdf |
op_rights |
Published in Aquaculture by Elsevier. Aquaculture, Volume 309, Issues 1-4, November 2010, pp. 143 - 151; This is the peer reviewed version of this article.; NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Aquaculture. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Aquaculture, VOL 309, ISSUE 1-4, November 2010. DOI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 |
container_title |
Aquaculture |
container_volume |
309 |
container_issue |
1-4 |
container_start_page |
143 |
op_container_end_page |
151 |
_version_ |
1766362150030278656 |
spelling |
ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/2914 2023-05-15T15:31:37+02:00 The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels Bogevik, Andre S Henderson, R James Mundheim, Harald Waagbo, Rune Tocher, Douglas R Olsen, Rolf E Matre Aquaculture Research Station University of Stirling NOFIMA AS National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES) Institute of Aquaculture orcid:0000-0002-8603-9410 2010-11-22 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2914 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/2914/1/SalmonCO%20paper.pdf en eng Elsevier Bogevik AS, Henderson RJ, Mundheim H, Waagbo R, Tocher DR & Olsen RE (2010) The influence of temperature on the apparent lipid digestibility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed Calanus finmarchicus oil at two dietary levels. Aquaculture, 309 (1-4), pp. 143-151. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2914 doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486 WOS:000284817600020 2-s2.0-78049526828 838407 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/2914/1/SalmonCO%20paper.pdf Published in Aquaculture by Elsevier. Aquaculture, Volume 309, Issues 1-4, November 2010, pp. 143 - 151; This is the peer reviewed version of this article.; NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Aquaculture. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Aquaculture, VOL 309, ISSUE 1-4, November 2010. DOI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 Atlantic salmon fish oil replacement calanoid copepod oil Calanus finmarchicus temperature growth lipid fatty acid composition Fishes Feeding and feeds Fishes Nutrition Journal Article AM - Accepted Manuscript 2010 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.08.016 2022-06-13T18:43:59Z Oils extracted from the marine zooplankton, Calanus finmarchicus, have high levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and are therefore of interest as an alternative lipid source in aquafeeds. Copepod lipid is composed mainly of wax esters (WE) with high levels of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty alcohols which are considered hard to digest, especially at low temperatures. This assumption has however not been verified and for this reason the present study examined the digestibility of diets containing high levels of WE and two fat levels in Atlantic salmon reared at 3 and 12 °C. The fish were acclimated for one month to 3 °C (485 g) and 12 °C (599 g) and then fed one of four diets, high fat fish oil (33% lipid, HFFO), high fat Calanus oil (32% lipid, HFCO), low fat fish oil (17% lipid, LFFO) and low fat Calanus oil (19% lipid, LFCO). The fish meal lipid content was lowered by the use of lipid-extracted fish oil (2.3% lipid). This enabled a level of 50% WE in the LFCO and HFCO oils, compared to 0% in the LFFO and HFFO diets. The fish were then allowed to grow to around 100% of initial weight (220 days at 3 °C and 67 days at 12 °C) and then analysed for faecal lipid digestibility, bile volume, bile composition and intestinal lipolytic activity. Differences were observed in all these parameters in relation to temperature, type of dietary oil and the lipid level in the diet. Faecal lipid content and lipid class composition were dependent on rearing temperature and the type of dietary lipid. Highest levels of undigested lipids were observed in the faeces of fish fed CO. Wax ester-derived fatty alcohols, particularly 20:1n-9 and 22:1n-11, were less extensively digested than corresponding fatty acids from FO at both fat levels and temperatures. Fish kept at 12 ºC had a significantly higher bile volume than fish at 3 ºC and higher volumes were found in fish fed CO diets compared to FO. Decreased faecal passage time at lower temperatures, was not sufficient to ensure high digestibility since the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Calanus finmarchicus Salmo salar University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository Aquaculture 309 1-4 143 151 |