Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis
The rapidly intensifying process of ocean acidification (OA) due to anthropogenic CO2 is not only depleting carbonate ions necessary for calcification but also causing acidosis and disrupting internal pH homeostasis in several marine organisms. These negative consequences of OA on marine calcifiers,...
Published in: | Biogeosciences |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Copernicus GmbH
2018
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28347 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28347/1/bg-15-6833-2018.pdf |
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/28347 2023-05-15T17:50:49+02:00 Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis Meng, Yuan Guo, Zhenbin Fitzer, Susan C Upadhyay, Abhishek Chan, Vera B S Li, Chaoyi Cusack, Maggie Yao, Haimin Yeung, Kelvin W K Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute of Aquaculture Clemson University Biological and Environmental Sciences orcid:0000-0003-3556-7624 orcid:0000-0003-3935-2700 orcid:0000-0003-0145-1180 2018-11-16 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28347 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28347/1/bg-15-6833-2018.pdf en eng Copernicus GmbH Meng Y, Guo Z, Fitzer SC, Upadhyay A, Chan VBS, Li C, Cusack M, Yao H, Yeung KWK & Thiyagarajan V (2018) Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis. Biogeosciences, 15 (22), pp. 6833-6846. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28347 doi:10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 1067515 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28347/1/bg-15-6833-2018.pdf © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Earth-Surface Processes Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Journal Article VoR - Version of Record 2018 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 2022-06-13T18:44:02Z The rapidly intensifying process of ocean acidification (OA) due to anthropogenic CO2 is not only depleting carbonate ions necessary for calcification but also causing acidosis and disrupting internal pH homeostasis in several marine organisms. These negative consequences of OA on marine calcifiers, i.e. oyster species, have been very well documented in recent studies; however, the consequences of reduced or impaired calcification on the end-product, shells or skeletons, still remain one of the major research gaps. Shells produced by marine organisms under OA are expected to show signs of dissolution, disorganized microstructure and reduced mechanical properties. To bridge this knowledge gap and to test the above hypothesis, we investigated the effect of OA on juvenile shells of the commercially important oyster species, Magallana angulata, at ecologically and climatically relevant OA levels (using pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.5, 7.2). In lower pH conditions, a drop of shell hardness and stiffness was revealed by nanoindentation tests, while an evident porous internal microstructure was detected by scanning electron microscopy. Crystallographic orientation, on the other hand, showed no significant difference with decreasing pH using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). These results indicate the porous internal microstructure may be the cause of the reduction in shell hardness and stiffness. The overall decrease of shell density observed from micro-computed tomography analysis indicates the porous internal microstructure may run through the shell, thus inevitably limiting the effectiveness of the shell's defensive function. This study shows the potential deterioration of oyster shells induced by OA, especially in their early life stage. This knowledge is critical to estimate the survival and production of edible oysters in the future ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository Biogeosciences 15 22 6833 6846 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth-Surface Processes Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Earth-Surface Processes Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Meng, Yuan Guo, Zhenbin Fitzer, Susan C Upadhyay, Abhishek Chan, Vera B S Li, Chaoyi Cusack, Maggie Yao, Haimin Yeung, Kelvin W K Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
topic_facet |
Earth-Surface Processes Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
description |
The rapidly intensifying process of ocean acidification (OA) due to anthropogenic CO2 is not only depleting carbonate ions necessary for calcification but also causing acidosis and disrupting internal pH homeostasis in several marine organisms. These negative consequences of OA on marine calcifiers, i.e. oyster species, have been very well documented in recent studies; however, the consequences of reduced or impaired calcification on the end-product, shells or skeletons, still remain one of the major research gaps. Shells produced by marine organisms under OA are expected to show signs of dissolution, disorganized microstructure and reduced mechanical properties. To bridge this knowledge gap and to test the above hypothesis, we investigated the effect of OA on juvenile shells of the commercially important oyster species, Magallana angulata, at ecologically and climatically relevant OA levels (using pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.5, 7.2). In lower pH conditions, a drop of shell hardness and stiffness was revealed by nanoindentation tests, while an evident porous internal microstructure was detected by scanning electron microscopy. Crystallographic orientation, on the other hand, showed no significant difference with decreasing pH using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). These results indicate the porous internal microstructure may be the cause of the reduction in shell hardness and stiffness. The overall decrease of shell density observed from micro-computed tomography analysis indicates the porous internal microstructure may run through the shell, thus inevitably limiting the effectiveness of the shell's defensive function. This study shows the potential deterioration of oyster shells induced by OA, especially in their early life stage. This knowledge is critical to estimate the survival and production of edible oysters in the future ocean. |
author2 |
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute of Aquaculture Clemson University Biological and Environmental Sciences orcid:0000-0003-3556-7624 orcid:0000-0003-3935-2700 orcid:0000-0003-0145-1180 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Meng, Yuan Guo, Zhenbin Fitzer, Susan C Upadhyay, Abhishek Chan, Vera B S Li, Chaoyi Cusack, Maggie Yao, Haimin Yeung, Kelvin W K Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen |
author_facet |
Meng, Yuan Guo, Zhenbin Fitzer, Susan C Upadhyay, Abhishek Chan, Vera B S Li, Chaoyi Cusack, Maggie Yao, Haimin Yeung, Kelvin W K Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen |
author_sort |
Meng, Yuan |
title |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_short |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_full |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_fullStr |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_sort |
ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28347 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28347/1/bg-15-6833-2018.pdf |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
Meng Y, Guo Z, Fitzer SC, Upadhyay A, Chan VBS, Li C, Cusack M, Yao H, Yeung KWK & Thiyagarajan V (2018) Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis. Biogeosciences, 15 (22), pp. 6833-6846. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28347 doi:10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 1067515 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28347/1/bg-15-6833-2018.pdf |
op_rights |
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
6833 |
op_container_end_page |
6846 |
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1766157719005298688 |