Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum
Background: Microbial diseases cause considerable economic losses in aquaculture and new infection control measures often rely on a better understanding of pathogenicity. However, disease studies performed in fish hosts often require specialist infrastructure (e.g., aquaria), adherence to strict leg...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21930 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21930/1/McMillan%20et%20al%202015.pdf |
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/21930 2023-05-15T15:31:45+02:00 Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum McMillan, Stuart Verner-Jeffreys, David W Weeks, Jason M Austin, Brian Desbois, Andrew P University of Stirling CEFAS - Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Institute of Aquaculture orcid:0000-0003-2368-7864 orcid:0000-0001-6052-8761 2015-06-23 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21930 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21930/1/McMillan%20et%20al%202015.pdf en eng BioMed Central McMillan S, Verner-Jeffreys DW, Weeks JM, Austin B & Desbois AP (2015) Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum. BMC Microbiology, 15, Art. No.: 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 127 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21930 doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 31918661 WOS:000356569900002 2-s2.0-84931464691 595352 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21930/1/McMillan%20et%20al%202015.pdf © 2015 McMillan et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC0 PDM CC-BY Alternative host Atlantic salmon Replacement reduction and refinement (3Rs) Vibriosis Wax moth larvae Journal Article VoR - Version of Record 2015 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 2022-06-13T18:45:11Z Background: Microbial diseases cause considerable economic losses in aquaculture and new infection control measures often rely on a better understanding of pathogenicity. However, disease studies performed in fish hosts often require specialist infrastructure (e.g., aquaria), adherence to strict legislation and do not permit high-throughput approaches; these reasons justify the development of alternative hosts. This study aimed to validate the use of larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) to investigate virulence of the important fish pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum. Results: Using 11 wild-type isolates of V. anguillarum, these bacteria killed larvae in a dose-dependent manner and replicated inside the haemolymph, but infected larvae were rescued by antibiotic therapy. Crucially, virulence correlated significantly and positively in larva and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) infection models. Challenge studies with mutants knocked out for single virulence determinants confirmed conserved roles in larva and fish infections in some cases (pJM1 plasmid, rtxA), but not all (empA, flaA, flaE). Conclusions: The G. mellonella model is simple, more ethically acceptable than experiments on vertebrates and, crucially, does not necessitate liquid systems, which reduces infrastructure requirements and biohazard risks associated with contaminated water. The G. mellonella model may aid our understanding of microbial pathogens in aquaculture and lead to the timely introduction of new effective remedies for infectious diseases, while adhering to the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) and considerably reducing the number of vertebrates used in such studies. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository BMC Microbiology 15 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
Alternative host Atlantic salmon Replacement reduction and refinement (3Rs) Vibriosis Wax moth larvae |
spellingShingle |
Alternative host Atlantic salmon Replacement reduction and refinement (3Rs) Vibriosis Wax moth larvae McMillan, Stuart Verner-Jeffreys, David W Weeks, Jason M Austin, Brian Desbois, Andrew P Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum |
topic_facet |
Alternative host Atlantic salmon Replacement reduction and refinement (3Rs) Vibriosis Wax moth larvae |
description |
Background: Microbial diseases cause considerable economic losses in aquaculture and new infection control measures often rely on a better understanding of pathogenicity. However, disease studies performed in fish hosts often require specialist infrastructure (e.g., aquaria), adherence to strict legislation and do not permit high-throughput approaches; these reasons justify the development of alternative hosts. This study aimed to validate the use of larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) to investigate virulence of the important fish pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum. Results: Using 11 wild-type isolates of V. anguillarum, these bacteria killed larvae in a dose-dependent manner and replicated inside the haemolymph, but infected larvae were rescued by antibiotic therapy. Crucially, virulence correlated significantly and positively in larva and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) infection models. Challenge studies with mutants knocked out for single virulence determinants confirmed conserved roles in larva and fish infections in some cases (pJM1 plasmid, rtxA), but not all (empA, flaA, flaE). Conclusions: The G. mellonella model is simple, more ethically acceptable than experiments on vertebrates and, crucially, does not necessitate liquid systems, which reduces infrastructure requirements and biohazard risks associated with contaminated water. The G. mellonella model may aid our understanding of microbial pathogens in aquaculture and lead to the timely introduction of new effective remedies for infectious diseases, while adhering to the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) and considerably reducing the number of vertebrates used in such studies. |
author2 |
University of Stirling CEFAS - Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Institute of Aquaculture orcid:0000-0003-2368-7864 orcid:0000-0001-6052-8761 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McMillan, Stuart Verner-Jeffreys, David W Weeks, Jason M Austin, Brian Desbois, Andrew P |
author_facet |
McMillan, Stuart Verner-Jeffreys, David W Weeks, Jason M Austin, Brian Desbois, Andrew P |
author_sort |
McMillan, Stuart |
title |
Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum |
title_short |
Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum |
title_full |
Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum |
title_fullStr |
Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum |
title_sort |
larva of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic vibrio anguillarum |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21930 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21930/1/McMillan%20et%20al%202015.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
McMillan S, Verner-Jeffreys DW, Weeks JM, Austin B & Desbois AP (2015) Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum. BMC Microbiology, 15, Art. No.: 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 127 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21930 doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 31918661 WOS:000356569900002 2-s2.0-84931464691 595352 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/21930/1/McMillan%20et%20al%202015.pdf |
op_rights |
© 2015 McMillan et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 PDM CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0466-9 |
container_title |
BMC Microbiology |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766362277548654592 |