Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Background: There is an increasing drive to replace fish oil (FO) in finfish aquaculture diets with vegetable oils (VO), driven by the short supply of FO derived from wild fish stocks. However, little is known of the consequences for fish health after such substitution. The effect of dietary VO on h...
Published in: | BMC Genomics |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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BioMed Central
2008
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1478 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/299 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/1478/1/Functional%20genomics%20reveals%20increases%20in%20cholesterol.pdf |
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ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/1478 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstirling |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic salmon functional genomics fish oil vegetable oils lipid metabolism fatty acid metabolism cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression Fishes Feeding and feeds Lipoproteins Fish Dietary supplements |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic salmon functional genomics fish oil vegetable oils lipid metabolism fatty acid metabolism cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression Fishes Feeding and feeds Lipoproteins Fish Dietary supplements Leaver, Michael Villeneuve, Laure Obach, Alex Jensen, Linda Bron, James Tocher, Douglas R Taggart, John Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
topic_facet |
Atlantic salmon functional genomics fish oil vegetable oils lipid metabolism fatty acid metabolism cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression Fishes Feeding and feeds Lipoproteins Fish Dietary supplements |
description |
Background: There is an increasing drive to replace fish oil (FO) in finfish aquaculture diets with vegetable oils (VO), driven by the short supply of FO derived from wild fish stocks. However, little is known of the consequences for fish health after such substitution. The effect of dietary VO on hepatic gene expression, lipid composition and growth was determined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), using a combination of cDNA microarray, lipid, and biochemical analysis. FO was replaced with VO, added to diets as rapeseed (RO), soybean (SO) or linseed (LO) oils. Results: Dietary VO had no major effect on growth of the fish, but increased the whole fish protein contents and tended to decrease whole fish lipid content, thus increasing the protein:lipid ratio. Expression levels of genes of the highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways were increased in all vegetable oil diets as was SREBP2, a master transcriptional regulator of these pathways. Other genes whose expression was increased by feeding VO included those of NADPH generation, lipid transport, peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, a marker of intracellular lipid accumulation, and protein and RNA processing. Consistent with these results, HUFA biosynthesis, hepatic β-oxidation activity and enzymic NADPH production were changed by VO, and there was a trend for increased hepatic lipid in LO and SO diets. Tissue cholesterol levels in VO fed fish were the same as animals fed FO, whereas fatty acid composition of the tissues largely reflected those of the diets and was marked by enrichment of 18 carbon fatty acids and reductions in 20 and 22 carbon HUFA. Conclusion: This combined gene expression, compositional and metabolic study demonstrates that major lipid metabolic effects occur after replacing FO with VO in salmon diets. These effects are most likely mediated by SREBP2, which responds to reductions in dietary cholesterol. These changes are sufficient to maintain whole body cholesterol levels but not HUFA levels. |
author2 |
Institute of Aquaculture Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre AS Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre orcid:0000-0002-3155-0844 orcid:0000-0003-3544-0519 orcid:0000-0002-8603-9410 orcid:0000-0002-3843-9663 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Leaver, Michael Villeneuve, Laure Obach, Alex Jensen, Linda Bron, James Tocher, Douglas R Taggart, John |
author_facet |
Leaver, Michael Villeneuve, Laure Obach, Alex Jensen, Linda Bron, James Tocher, Douglas R Taggart, John |
author_sort |
Leaver, Michael |
title |
Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1478 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/299 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/1478/1/Functional%20genomics%20reveals%20increases%20in%20cholesterol.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
Leaver M, Villeneuve L, Obach A, Jensen L, Bron J, Tocher DR & Taggart J (2008) Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics, 9 (1), p. 299. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/299; https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1478 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/299 WOS:000257742000001 2-s2.0-47249104362 835637 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/1478/1/Functional%20genomics%20reveals%20increases%20in%20cholesterol.pdf |
op_rights |
Published in BMC Genomics by BioMed Central Ltd.; © 2008 Leaver et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.; Publisher statement: "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited". http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 |
container_title |
BMC Genomics |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
299 |
_version_ |
1800748132531699712 |
spelling |
ftunivstirling:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/1478 2024-06-02T08:03:34+00:00 Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Leaver, Michael Villeneuve, Laure Obach, Alex Jensen, Linda Bron, James Tocher, Douglas R Taggart, John Institute of Aquaculture Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre AS Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre orcid:0000-0002-3155-0844 orcid:0000-0003-3544-0519 orcid:0000-0002-8603-9410 orcid:0000-0002-3843-9663 2008-06-24 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1478 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/299 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/1478/1/Functional%20genomics%20reveals%20increases%20in%20cholesterol.pdf en eng BioMed Central Leaver M, Villeneuve L, Obach A, Jensen L, Bron J, Tocher DR & Taggart J (2008) Functional genomics reveals increases in cholesterol biosynthetic genes and highly unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis after dietary substitution of fish oil with vegetable oils in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics, 9 (1), p. 299. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/299; https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1478 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/299 WOS:000257742000001 2-s2.0-47249104362 835637 http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/1478/1/Functional%20genomics%20reveals%20increases%20in%20cholesterol.pdf Published in BMC Genomics by BioMed Central Ltd.; © 2008 Leaver et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.; Publisher statement: "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited". http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Atlantic salmon functional genomics fish oil vegetable oils lipid metabolism fatty acid metabolism cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression Fishes Feeding and feeds Lipoproteins Fish Dietary supplements Journal Article VoR - Version of Record 2008 ftunivstirling https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-299 2024-05-07T04:30:11Z Background: There is an increasing drive to replace fish oil (FO) in finfish aquaculture diets with vegetable oils (VO), driven by the short supply of FO derived from wild fish stocks. However, little is known of the consequences for fish health after such substitution. The effect of dietary VO on hepatic gene expression, lipid composition and growth was determined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), using a combination of cDNA microarray, lipid, and biochemical analysis. FO was replaced with VO, added to diets as rapeseed (RO), soybean (SO) or linseed (LO) oils. Results: Dietary VO had no major effect on growth of the fish, but increased the whole fish protein contents and tended to decrease whole fish lipid content, thus increasing the protein:lipid ratio. Expression levels of genes of the highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways were increased in all vegetable oil diets as was SREBP2, a master transcriptional regulator of these pathways. Other genes whose expression was increased by feeding VO included those of NADPH generation, lipid transport, peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, a marker of intracellular lipid accumulation, and protein and RNA processing. Consistent with these results, HUFA biosynthesis, hepatic β-oxidation activity and enzymic NADPH production were changed by VO, and there was a trend for increased hepatic lipid in LO and SO diets. Tissue cholesterol levels in VO fed fish were the same as animals fed FO, whereas fatty acid composition of the tissues largely reflected those of the diets and was marked by enrichment of 18 carbon fatty acids and reductions in 20 and 22 carbon HUFA. Conclusion: This combined gene expression, compositional and metabolic study demonstrates that major lipid metabolic effects occur after replacing FO with VO in salmon diets. These effects are most likely mediated by SREBP2, which responds to reductions in dietary cholesterol. These changes are sufficient to maintain whole body cholesterol levels but not HUFA levels. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research Repository BMC Genomics 9 1 299 |