Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation
This chapter studies international regulatory responses to new threats that growing maritime industrial activities in a warming Arctic pose to the ocean environment. Climate change accelerates the melting of Arctic Ocean ice, making the area more accessible to maritime industries such as shipping an...
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ftunivstgallen:oai:www.alexandria.unisg.ch:256663 2023-05-15T14:25:56+02:00 Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation Hofmann, Benjamin Harris, Paul G. 2019-02 text http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/256663/ http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/256663/1/Hofmann_Arctic%20Warming,%20Maritime%20Industries,%20and%20International%20Environmental%20Regulation.pdf https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-and-ocean-governance/DEFCBADE5A6BEE13EED457B8C54F108D https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108502238.014 de en ger eng Cambridge University Press http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/256663/1/Hofmann_Arctic%20Warming,%20Maritime%20Industries,%20and%20International%20Environmental%20Regulation.pdf Hofmann, Benjamin: Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation. In Harris, Paul G. (ed.): Climate Change and Ocean Governance: Politics and Policy for Threatened Seas. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2019, S. 215-235. political science Book Section NonPeerReviewed 2019 ftunivstgallen https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108502238.014 2023-02-13T21:16:07Z This chapter studies international regulatory responses to new threats that growing maritime industrial activities in a warming Arctic pose to the ocean environment. Climate change accelerates the melting of Arctic Ocean ice, making the area more accessible to maritime industries such as shipping and offshore oil and gas production. These industrial operations can have negative external effects on this ecologically vulnerable region. This chapter investigates how states have responded to such threats, assessing and comparing the stringency of international environmental regulation of maritime industries in the Arctic. Stringency is the product of a regulation’s formal tightness and its substantive ambition. Tightness refers to legality, precision, monitoring and enforcement. Ambition includes changes in scope and in requirement levels from temporal and global perspectives. Empirically, this chapter presents a stringency database that includes all regulations that have partly or wholly covered the Arctic from 1950 to 2017. Regulatory stringency is compared across industries (shipping, oil and gas), regulators (International Maritime Organization, Arctic Council, and OSPAR Commission), external effects, and time. The chapter shows that Arctic warming has been accompanied by increased regulatory activity to address environmental impacts of maritime industries. However, the stringency of these regulations is found to vary considerably across regulatory bodies. Several regulatory gaps persist. The chapter’s findings can guide future research on the drivers of stringent regulation and its effects. Policymakers can use the findings to identify regulatory gaps as well as blueprints for more stringent regulations in a warming and threatened Arctic Ocean. Book Part Arctic Arctic Council Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change University of St. Gallen: Research Platform Alexandria Arctic Arctic Ocean 215 235 |
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University of St. Gallen: Research Platform Alexandria |
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ftunivstgallen |
language |
German English |
topic |
political science |
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political science Hofmann, Benjamin Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation |
topic_facet |
political science |
description |
This chapter studies international regulatory responses to new threats that growing maritime industrial activities in a warming Arctic pose to the ocean environment. Climate change accelerates the melting of Arctic Ocean ice, making the area more accessible to maritime industries such as shipping and offshore oil and gas production. These industrial operations can have negative external effects on this ecologically vulnerable region. This chapter investigates how states have responded to such threats, assessing and comparing the stringency of international environmental regulation of maritime industries in the Arctic. Stringency is the product of a regulation’s formal tightness and its substantive ambition. Tightness refers to legality, precision, monitoring and enforcement. Ambition includes changes in scope and in requirement levels from temporal and global perspectives. Empirically, this chapter presents a stringency database that includes all regulations that have partly or wholly covered the Arctic from 1950 to 2017. Regulatory stringency is compared across industries (shipping, oil and gas), regulators (International Maritime Organization, Arctic Council, and OSPAR Commission), external effects, and time. The chapter shows that Arctic warming has been accompanied by increased regulatory activity to address environmental impacts of maritime industries. However, the stringency of these regulations is found to vary considerably across regulatory bodies. Several regulatory gaps persist. The chapter’s findings can guide future research on the drivers of stringent regulation and its effects. Policymakers can use the findings to identify regulatory gaps as well as blueprints for more stringent regulations in a warming and threatened Arctic Ocean. |
author2 |
Harris, Paul G. |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Hofmann, Benjamin |
author_facet |
Hofmann, Benjamin |
author_sort |
Hofmann, Benjamin |
title |
Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation |
title_short |
Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation |
title_full |
Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation |
title_fullStr |
Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation |
title_sort |
policy responses to new ocean threats: arctic warming, maritime industries, and international environmental regulation |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/256663/ http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/256663/1/Hofmann_Arctic%20Warming,%20Maritime%20Industries,%20and%20International%20Environmental%20Regulation.pdf https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-and-ocean-governance/DEFCBADE5A6BEE13EED457B8C54F108D https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108502238.014 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Council Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Council Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change |
op_relation |
http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/256663/1/Hofmann_Arctic%20Warming,%20Maritime%20Industries,%20and%20International%20Environmental%20Regulation.pdf Hofmann, Benjamin: Policy Responses to New Ocean Threats: Arctic Warming, Maritime Industries, and International Environmental Regulation. In Harris, Paul G. (ed.): Climate Change and Ocean Governance: Politics and Policy for Threatened Seas. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2019, S. 215-235. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108502238.014 |
container_start_page |
215 |
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235 |
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