The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping
PhD thesis in Risk management and societal safety People have sailed in polar waters for decades; more than one hundred years ago, Nansen and Amundsen explored the oceans of the Arctic and Antarctic with their expedition teams, with Amundsen leading the expedition that first reached the South Pole i...
Published in: | Arctic Review on Law and Politics |
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Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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University of Stavanger, Norway
2022
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2838986 |
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English |
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risikostyring samfunnssikkerhet polarområder redningsarbeid VDP::Teknologi: 500::Marin teknologi: 580 |
spellingShingle |
risikostyring samfunnssikkerhet polarområder redningsarbeid VDP::Teknologi: 500::Marin teknologi: 580 Engtrø, Espen The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping |
topic_facet |
risikostyring samfunnssikkerhet polarområder redningsarbeid VDP::Teknologi: 500::Marin teknologi: 580 |
description |
PhD thesis in Risk management and societal safety People have sailed in polar waters for decades; more than one hundred years ago, Nansen and Amundsen explored the oceans of the Arctic and Antarctic with their expedition teams, with Amundsen leading the expedition that first reached the South Pole in 1911. A remarkable technological evolution has taken place since those days, bringing along even more astonishing innovations. Wooden ships with sail are replaced by standardized steel-constructed vessels, powered by diesel-electric engines or nuclear reactors, and highly technological satellite navigation and communication systems have replaced the sextant, chronometer, compass and surveyor’s wheel guiding the way at that time. The knowledge and experience concerning risks and hazards associated with shipping in polar waters is outstanding. However, the increase in the shipping activity of various vessels in the Arctic region during recent years has resulted in new risks; consequently, the knowledge, experience and the capacity to handle these are limited. Seen historically, major accidents and events have raised the focus on safety and forced the way for the development, innovation and design of new technology and systems. As a response to the Titanic disaster in 1912, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) was agreed in 1914 and suggested the minimum number of lifeboats and other emergency equipment required to be maintained by merchant ships. Today, the SOLAS Convention is considered the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships and specifies the minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships. During the last century, several revisions and amendments to this Convention, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1960, have strengthened the regulations for ship design and operations. Consequently, the maritime industry is forced to innovate, (re)-design and construct vessels, emergency equipment and ... |
author2 |
Njå, Ove Gudmestad, Ove Tobias Sommer, Morten |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Engtrø, Espen |
author_facet |
Engtrø, Espen |
author_sort |
Engtrø, Espen |
title |
The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping |
title_short |
The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping |
title_full |
The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping |
title_fullStr |
The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping |
title_full_unstemmed |
The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping |
title_sort |
implementation and application of the international code for ships operating in polar waters (polar code): evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning arctic shipping |
publisher |
University of Stavanger, Norway |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2838986 |
geographic |
Arctic Antarctic South Pole |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Antarctic South Pole |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic review on law and politics South pole South pole |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic review on law and politics South pole South pole |
op_relation |
PhD thesis UiS; ;618 Paper I: Polarkoden – funksjonsbasert forskriftsverk for polare farvann. Hvordan kan standarder presentere gode nok løsninger? [The Polar Code – function-based regulations for polar waters. The contribution of standards to safe and sufficient solutions?]. Engtrø, E., Njå, O., and Gudmestad, O. T. (2018). In: Lindøe, P. H., J. Kringen, and G. S. Braut. Regulering og standardisering - Perspektiver og praksis [Regulation and standardization - Perspectives and practice] (pp. 146-162). Universitetsforlaget - Scandinavian University Press. This paper is not included in Brage due to copyright restrictions. Paper II: Winterization and drilling operations in cold climate areas. Engtrø, E., and Gudmestad, O. T. (2019). Proceedings - International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC) (pp. 1-9). Delft, The Netherlands. Paper III: Implementation of the Polar Code: Functional Requirements Regulating Ship Operations in Polar Waters. Engtrø, E., Gudmestad, O. T., and Njå, O. (2020). Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 11 (pp. 47-69). http://dx. doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v11.2240 Paper IV: The Polar Code’s Implications for Safe Ship Operations in the Arctic Region. Engtrø, E., Gudmestad, O. T., and Njå, O. (2020). TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 14:3 (pp. 655-661). DOI:10.12716/1001.14.03.18 Paper V: Investigating the Polar Code’s Function-Based Requirements for Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements, and the Performance of Survival Equipment in Cold Climate conditions – test of SOLAS approved desalting Apparatus at Low Temperatures. Engtrø, E., and Sæterdal, A. (2021). Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs (pp. 274- 294). DOI:10.1080/18366503.2021.1883821 Paper VI: A Discussion on the Implementation of the Polar Code and the STCW Convention’s Training Requirements for Ice Navigation in Polar Waters. Engtrø, E. (2021). Journal of Transportation Security (pp. 1-27). DOI:10.1007/s12198-021-00241-7. Accepted for publication. The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping by Espen Engtrø, Stavanger : University of Stavanger, 2021 (PhD thesis UiS, no. 618) urn:isbn:978-82-8439-050-5 urn:issn:1890-1387 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2838986 |
op_rights |
Copyright the author |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v11.224010.12716/1001.14.03.1810.1007/s12198-021-00241-7 |
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Arctic Review on Law and Politics |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
0 |
container_start_page |
47 |
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ftunivstavanger:oai:uis.brage.unit.no:11250/2838986 2023-06-11T04:04:30+02:00 The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping Engtrø, Espen Njå, Ove Gudmestad, Ove Tobias Sommer, Morten 2022-02 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2838986 eng eng University of Stavanger, Norway PhD thesis UiS; ;618 Paper I: Polarkoden – funksjonsbasert forskriftsverk for polare farvann. Hvordan kan standarder presentere gode nok løsninger? [The Polar Code – function-based regulations for polar waters. The contribution of standards to safe and sufficient solutions?]. Engtrø, E., Njå, O., and Gudmestad, O. T. (2018). In: Lindøe, P. H., J. Kringen, and G. S. Braut. Regulering og standardisering - Perspektiver og praksis [Regulation and standardization - Perspectives and practice] (pp. 146-162). Universitetsforlaget - Scandinavian University Press. This paper is not included in Brage due to copyright restrictions. Paper II: Winterization and drilling operations in cold climate areas. Engtrø, E., and Gudmestad, O. T. (2019). Proceedings - International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC) (pp. 1-9). Delft, The Netherlands. Paper III: Implementation of the Polar Code: Functional Requirements Regulating Ship Operations in Polar Waters. Engtrø, E., Gudmestad, O. T., and Njå, O. (2020). Arctic Review on Law and Politics, Vol. 11 (pp. 47-69). http://dx. doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v11.2240 Paper IV: The Polar Code’s Implications for Safe Ship Operations in the Arctic Region. Engtrø, E., Gudmestad, O. T., and Njå, O. (2020). TransNav - The International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 14:3 (pp. 655-661). DOI:10.12716/1001.14.03.18 Paper V: Investigating the Polar Code’s Function-Based Requirements for Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements, and the Performance of Survival Equipment in Cold Climate conditions – test of SOLAS approved desalting Apparatus at Low Temperatures. Engtrø, E., and Sæterdal, A. (2021). Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs (pp. 274- 294). DOI:10.1080/18366503.2021.1883821 Paper VI: A Discussion on the Implementation of the Polar Code and the STCW Convention’s Training Requirements for Ice Navigation in Polar Waters. Engtrø, E. (2021). Journal of Transportation Security (pp. 1-27). DOI:10.1007/s12198-021-00241-7. Accepted for publication. The implementation and application of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code): Evaluations and considerations addressing this functionbased regulation’s effect on safety and emergency preparedness concerning Arctic shipping by Espen Engtrø, Stavanger : University of Stavanger, 2021 (PhD thesis UiS, no. 618) urn:isbn:978-82-8439-050-5 urn:issn:1890-1387 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2838986 Copyright the author risikostyring samfunnssikkerhet polarområder redningsarbeid VDP::Teknologi: 500::Marin teknologi: 580 Doctoral thesis 2022 ftunivstavanger https://doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v11.224010.12716/1001.14.03.1810.1007/s12198-021-00241-7 2023-05-29T16:01:44Z PhD thesis in Risk management and societal safety People have sailed in polar waters for decades; more than one hundred years ago, Nansen and Amundsen explored the oceans of the Arctic and Antarctic with their expedition teams, with Amundsen leading the expedition that first reached the South Pole in 1911. A remarkable technological evolution has taken place since those days, bringing along even more astonishing innovations. Wooden ships with sail are replaced by standardized steel-constructed vessels, powered by diesel-electric engines or nuclear reactors, and highly technological satellite navigation and communication systems have replaced the sextant, chronometer, compass and surveyor’s wheel guiding the way at that time. The knowledge and experience concerning risks and hazards associated with shipping in polar waters is outstanding. However, the increase in the shipping activity of various vessels in the Arctic region during recent years has resulted in new risks; consequently, the knowledge, experience and the capacity to handle these are limited. Seen historically, major accidents and events have raised the focus on safety and forced the way for the development, innovation and design of new technology and systems. As a response to the Titanic disaster in 1912, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) was agreed in 1914 and suggested the minimum number of lifeboats and other emergency equipment required to be maintained by merchant ships. Today, the SOLAS Convention is considered the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships and specifies the minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships. During the last century, several revisions and amendments to this Convention, adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1960, have strengthened the regulations for ship design and operations. Consequently, the maritime industry is forced to innovate, (re)-design and construct vessels, emergency equipment and ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Arctic review on law and politics South pole South pole University of Stavanger: UiS Brage Arctic Antarctic South Pole Arctic Review on Law and Politics 11 0 47 |