Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting
It is broadly recognized that the Arctic area has become highly popular for hosting new activities and new infrastructure. This is due to the combination of the need of exploring new areas to satisfy the ever increased energy demand and also the impact of climate change that has created paths for in...
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ftunivstavanger:oai:uis.brage.unit.no:11250/2582276 2023-06-11T04:07:23+02:00 Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting Kostopoulos, Dimitrios Yitzhak, Efrat Gudmestad, Ove Tobias The Arctic 2018-12-19T13:50:29Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2582276 https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80604 eng eng InTechOpen Arctic Studies - A Proxy for Climate Change Kostopoulos, D., Yitzhak, E., Gudmestad, O.T. (2018) Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting. In: Arctic Studies - A Proxy for Climate Change urn:isbn:0000000000 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2582276 https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80604 cristin:1645682 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. klimaendringer Arktis erosjon permafrost extreme wave heights havis VDP::Teknologi: 500 Chapter 2018 ftunivstavanger https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80604 2023-05-29T16:04:11Z It is broadly recognized that the Arctic area has become highly popular for hosting new activities and new infrastructure. This is due to the combination of the need of exploring new areas to satisfy the ever increased energy demand and also the impact of climate change that has created paths for increased trading and maritime activities. Presently, the Arctic environment poses new challenges and unknown hazards, which are considered unpredictable due to the uncertainties of the emerging phenomena. In this chapter, the effects caused by the higher temperatures in the Arctic region on the increased height of waves and storm surges and the extended erosion of the Arctic coastline are examined and presented. This unpredictability is partly due to the dynamic behavior of the Arctic environment and the annual fluctuations of the permanent ice of the Arctic Ocean. Reduced ice coverage, especially during the fall period, creates longer available sea distances for waves to be developed. As extreme case scenario, the associated consequences for the design wave height on a totally ice-free sea are studied. A comparison between the heights of the waves which are generated by the longest possible fetches and those estimated from today’s ice limit situation is made based on coastal engineering methods. Further to this, more open sea areas also allow for increased storm surge heights. In the chapter, it is also shown how the decreased ice coverage has an influence on the coastal erosion phenomenon, which is not only enhanced due to the evolving wave dynamics but also thermodynamics and sediment dynamics. The presented results show significant changes of the characteristic wave heights and strong increase of the pace of the coastal erosion. Based on these observations, the authors of this chapter want to stress the challenges that such future conditions in the Arctic area will pose to any Arctic operations, nearby infrastructures and human activities in the area. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Arktis Arktis* Climate change Ice permafrost University of Stavanger: UiS Brage Arctic Arctic Ocean |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Stavanger: UiS Brage |
op_collection_id |
ftunivstavanger |
language |
English |
topic |
klimaendringer Arktis erosjon permafrost extreme wave heights havis VDP::Teknologi: 500 |
spellingShingle |
klimaendringer Arktis erosjon permafrost extreme wave heights havis VDP::Teknologi: 500 Kostopoulos, Dimitrios Yitzhak, Efrat Gudmestad, Ove Tobias Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting |
topic_facet |
klimaendringer Arktis erosjon permafrost extreme wave heights havis VDP::Teknologi: 500 |
description |
It is broadly recognized that the Arctic area has become highly popular for hosting new activities and new infrastructure. This is due to the combination of the need of exploring new areas to satisfy the ever increased energy demand and also the impact of climate change that has created paths for increased trading and maritime activities. Presently, the Arctic environment poses new challenges and unknown hazards, which are considered unpredictable due to the uncertainties of the emerging phenomena. In this chapter, the effects caused by the higher temperatures in the Arctic region on the increased height of waves and storm surges and the extended erosion of the Arctic coastline are examined and presented. This unpredictability is partly due to the dynamic behavior of the Arctic environment and the annual fluctuations of the permanent ice of the Arctic Ocean. Reduced ice coverage, especially during the fall period, creates longer available sea distances for waves to be developed. As extreme case scenario, the associated consequences for the design wave height on a totally ice-free sea are studied. A comparison between the heights of the waves which are generated by the longest possible fetches and those estimated from today’s ice limit situation is made based on coastal engineering methods. Further to this, more open sea areas also allow for increased storm surge heights. In the chapter, it is also shown how the decreased ice coverage has an influence on the coastal erosion phenomenon, which is not only enhanced due to the evolving wave dynamics but also thermodynamics and sediment dynamics. The presented results show significant changes of the characteristic wave heights and strong increase of the pace of the coastal erosion. Based on these observations, the authors of this chapter want to stress the challenges that such future conditions in the Arctic area will pose to any Arctic operations, nearby infrastructures and human activities in the area. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kostopoulos, Dimitrios Yitzhak, Efrat Gudmestad, Ove Tobias |
author_facet |
Kostopoulos, Dimitrios Yitzhak, Efrat Gudmestad, Ove Tobias |
author_sort |
Kostopoulos, Dimitrios |
title |
Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting |
title_short |
Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting |
title_full |
Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting |
title_fullStr |
Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting |
title_full_unstemmed |
Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting |
title_sort |
coastal erosion due to decreased ice coverage, associated increased wave action, and permafrost melting |
publisher |
InTechOpen |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2582276 https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80604 |
op_coverage |
The Arctic |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Arktis Arktis* Climate change Ice permafrost |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Arktis Arktis* Climate change Ice permafrost |
op_relation |
Arctic Studies - A Proxy for Climate Change Kostopoulos, D., Yitzhak, E., Gudmestad, O.T. (2018) Coastal Erosion Due to Decreased Ice Coverage, Associated Increased Wave Action, and Permafrost Melting. In: Arctic Studies - A Proxy for Climate Change urn:isbn:0000000000 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2582276 https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80604 cristin:1645682 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80604 |
_version_ |
1768380547744137216 |