Pacific Ocean–wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies
BACKGROUND: Ocean pollution affects marine organisms and ecosystems as well as humans. The International Oceanographic Commission recommends ocean health monitoring programs to investigate the presence of marine contaminants and the health of threatened species and the use of multiple and early-warn...
Published in: | Environmental Health Perspectives |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11365/7953 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901809 |
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ftunivsiena:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/7953 2024-04-14T08:18:25+00:00 Pacific Ocean–wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies Godard-Codding, C. A. J. Clark, R. Fossi, M. C. Marsili, L. Maltese, S. West, A. G. Valenzuela, L. Rowntree, V. Polyak, I. Cannon, J. C. Pinkerton, K. Rubio-Cisneros, N. Mesnick, S. L. Cox, S. B. Kerr, I. Payne, R. Stegeman, J. J. Godard-Codding, C. A. J. Clark, R. Fossi, M. C. Marsili, L. Maltese, S. West, A. G. Valenzuela, L. Rowntree, V. Polyak, I. Cannon, J. C. Pinkerton, K. Rubio-Cisneros, N. Mesnick, S. L. Cox, S. B. Kerr, I. Payne, R. Stegeman, J. J. 2011 STAMPA http://hdl.handle.net/11365/7953 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901809 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/21134820 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000287926700022 volume:119 issue:3 firstpage:337 lastpage:343 numberofpages:7 journal:ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES http://hdl.handle.net/11365/7953 doi:10.1289/ehp.0901809 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-79952358362 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess biomarker CYP1A1 cytochrome P450 marine ecosystem marine mammal PAH PCB PHAH sperm whale stable isotope info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2011 ftunivsiena https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901809 2024-03-21T16:02:08Z BACKGROUND: Ocean pollution affects marine organisms and ecosystems as well as humans. The International Oceanographic Commission recommends ocean health monitoring programs to investigate the presence of marine contaminants and the health of threatened species and the use of multiple and early-warning biomarker approaches. OBJECTIVE: We explored the hypothesis that biomarker and contaminant analyses in skin biopsies of the threatened sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) could reveal geographical trends in exposure on an ocean-wide scale. METHODS: We analyzed cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression (by immunohistochemistry), stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (as general indicators of trophic position and latitude, respectively), and contaminant burdens in skin biopsies to explore regional trends in the Pacific Ocean. RESULTS: Biomarker analyses revealed significant regional differences within the Pacific Ocean. CYP1A1 expression was highest in whales from the Galapagos, a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization World Heritage marine reserve, and was lowest in the sampling sites farthest away from continents. We examined the possible influence of the whales' sex, diet, or range and other parameters on regional variation in CYP1A1 expression, but data were inconclusive. In general, CYP1A1 expression was not significantly correlated with contaminant burdens in blubber. However, small sample sizes precluded detailed chemical analyses, and power to detect significant associations was limited. CONCLUSIONS: Our large-scale monitoring study was successful at identifying regional differences in CYP1A1 expression, providing a baseline for this known biomarker of exposure to aryl hydro-carbon receptor agonists. However, we could not identify factors that explained this variation. Future ocean-wide CYP1A1 expression profiles in cetacean skin biopsies are warranted and could reveal whether globally distributed chemicals occur at biochemically relevant concentrations on a global basis, which ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale Università degli Studi di Siena: USiena air Galapagos Pacific Environmental Health Perspectives 119 3 337 343 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Università degli Studi di Siena: USiena air |
op_collection_id |
ftunivsiena |
language |
English |
topic |
biomarker CYP1A1 cytochrome P450 marine ecosystem marine mammal PAH PCB PHAH sperm whale stable isotope |
spellingShingle |
biomarker CYP1A1 cytochrome P450 marine ecosystem marine mammal PAH PCB PHAH sperm whale stable isotope Godard-Codding, C. A. J. Clark, R. Fossi, M. C. Marsili, L. Maltese, S. West, A. G. Valenzuela, L. Rowntree, V. Polyak, I. Cannon, J. C. Pinkerton, K. Rubio-Cisneros, N. Mesnick, S. L. Cox, S. B. Kerr, I. Payne, R. Stegeman, J. J. Pacific Ocean–wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies |
topic_facet |
biomarker CYP1A1 cytochrome P450 marine ecosystem marine mammal PAH PCB PHAH sperm whale stable isotope |
description |
BACKGROUND: Ocean pollution affects marine organisms and ecosystems as well as humans. The International Oceanographic Commission recommends ocean health monitoring programs to investigate the presence of marine contaminants and the health of threatened species and the use of multiple and early-warning biomarker approaches. OBJECTIVE: We explored the hypothesis that biomarker and contaminant analyses in skin biopsies of the threatened sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) could reveal geographical trends in exposure on an ocean-wide scale. METHODS: We analyzed cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression (by immunohistochemistry), stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (as general indicators of trophic position and latitude, respectively), and contaminant burdens in skin biopsies to explore regional trends in the Pacific Ocean. RESULTS: Biomarker analyses revealed significant regional differences within the Pacific Ocean. CYP1A1 expression was highest in whales from the Galapagos, a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization World Heritage marine reserve, and was lowest in the sampling sites farthest away from continents. We examined the possible influence of the whales' sex, diet, or range and other parameters on regional variation in CYP1A1 expression, but data were inconclusive. In general, CYP1A1 expression was not significantly correlated with contaminant burdens in blubber. However, small sample sizes precluded detailed chemical analyses, and power to detect significant associations was limited. CONCLUSIONS: Our large-scale monitoring study was successful at identifying regional differences in CYP1A1 expression, providing a baseline for this known biomarker of exposure to aryl hydro-carbon receptor agonists. However, we could not identify factors that explained this variation. Future ocean-wide CYP1A1 expression profiles in cetacean skin biopsies are warranted and could reveal whether globally distributed chemicals occur at biochemically relevant concentrations on a global basis, which ... |
author2 |
Godard-Codding, C. A. J. Clark, R. Fossi, M. C. Marsili, L. Maltese, S. West, A. G. Valenzuela, L. Rowntree, V. Polyak, I. Cannon, J. C. Pinkerton, K. Rubio-Cisneros, N. Mesnick, S. L. Cox, S. B. Kerr, I. Payne, R. Stegeman, J. J. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Godard-Codding, C. A. J. Clark, R. Fossi, M. C. Marsili, L. Maltese, S. West, A. G. Valenzuela, L. Rowntree, V. Polyak, I. Cannon, J. C. Pinkerton, K. Rubio-Cisneros, N. Mesnick, S. L. Cox, S. B. Kerr, I. Payne, R. Stegeman, J. J. |
author_facet |
Godard-Codding, C. A. J. Clark, R. Fossi, M. C. Marsili, L. Maltese, S. West, A. G. Valenzuela, L. Rowntree, V. Polyak, I. Cannon, J. C. Pinkerton, K. Rubio-Cisneros, N. Mesnick, S. L. Cox, S. B. Kerr, I. Payne, R. Stegeman, J. J. |
author_sort |
Godard-Codding, C. A. J. |
title |
Pacific Ocean–wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies |
title_short |
Pacific Ocean–wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies |
title_full |
Pacific Ocean–wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies |
title_fullStr |
Pacific Ocean–wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pacific Ocean–wide Profile of CYP1A1 Expression, Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios, and Organic Contaminant Burden in Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies |
title_sort |
pacific ocean–wide profile of cyp1a1 expression, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, and organic contaminant burden in sperm whale skin biopsies |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11365/7953 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901809 |
geographic |
Galapagos Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Galapagos Pacific |
genre |
Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale |
genre_facet |
Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/21134820 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000287926700022 volume:119 issue:3 firstpage:337 lastpage:343 numberofpages:7 journal:ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES http://hdl.handle.net/11365/7953 doi:10.1289/ehp.0901809 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-79952358362 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901809 |
container_title |
Environmental Health Perspectives |
container_volume |
119 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
337 |
op_container_end_page |
343 |
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1796317902522023936 |