Hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (Gadus morhua L.): The effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype
Hypoxia can influence fish growth, survival and on larger scales, population structure. These effects may be influenced by water temperature, and may vary intra-specifically with genotype. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), the two haemoglobin homozygotes (Hb-I11 and Hb-I22) vary in oxygen affinity...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.01.010 |
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ftunivscoast:usc:6915 2023-05-15T15:27:51+02:00 Hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (Gadus morhua L.): The effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype Skjæraasen, J E Nilsen, T Meager, J J Herbert, N C Moberg, O Tronci, V Johansen, T Salvanes, A G V 2008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.01.010 eng eng Elsevier BV usc:6915 URN:ISSN: 0022-0981 FoR 0704 (Fisheries Sciences) avoidance cod haemoglobin hypoxia temperature Journal Article 2008 ftunivscoast https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.01.010 2020-05-18T22:26:07Z Hypoxia can influence fish growth, survival and on larger scales, population structure. These effects may be influenced by water temperature, and may vary intra-specifically with genotype. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), the two haemoglobin homozygotes (Hb-I11 and Hb-I22) vary in oxygen affinity at different temperatures, which is thought to correspond to variation in hypoxia tolerance. We therefore tested if hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod 1) depends on ambient temperature and 2) is modified by haemoglobin genotype. In a laminar flow choice box, we subjected juvenile cod to an initial phase of non-escapable hypoxia, and a subsequent recovery phase, where one habitat was kept at 20% O2 saturation while the other was raised in steps to full saturation. The experiment was performed at 5 and 15 °C with Hb-I11 and Hb-I22 cod. Cod responded to inescapable hypoxia by reducing their overall swimming speed and then, at the initial levels of the recovery phase, avoiding the most hypoxic habitat, irrespective of temperature or genotype. Fish recovered quickly as O2 levels increased, as evidenced by increased swimming speed and time spent in the most hypoxic habitat. The avoidance response depended strongly on temperature: the relative reduction in speed and avoidance of the most hypoxic habitat was more pronounced at 15 than at 5 °C. During the recovery phase, stressed fish initially maintained a higher swimming speed in the most hypoxic habitat. However, as O2 increased, swimming speed in both habitats converged. This point of convergence occurred at a lower O2 saturation at 5 °C. Fish ventilation rate in inescapable hypoxia was also higher at 15 °C. Haemoglobin genotype did not influence either ventilation rates or the nature of the hypoxic avoidance response at either temperature, but Hb-I11 cod swam faster than Hb-I22 cod in normoxia at 15 °C. Our results indicate that increased temperature limits the ability of cod of both haemoglobin genotypes to exploit hypoxic habitats. This may have negative future consequences for coastal cod stocks in light of increasing global temperatures and eutrophication in coastal waters. Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Gadus morhua University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia: COAST Research Database Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 358 1 70 77 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia: COAST Research Database |
op_collection_id |
ftunivscoast |
language |
English |
topic |
FoR 0704 (Fisheries Sciences) avoidance cod haemoglobin hypoxia temperature |
spellingShingle |
FoR 0704 (Fisheries Sciences) avoidance cod haemoglobin hypoxia temperature Skjæraasen, J E Nilsen, T Meager, J J Herbert, N C Moberg, O Tronci, V Johansen, T Salvanes, A G V Hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (Gadus morhua L.): The effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype |
topic_facet |
FoR 0704 (Fisheries Sciences) avoidance cod haemoglobin hypoxia temperature |
description |
Hypoxia can influence fish growth, survival and on larger scales, population structure. These effects may be influenced by water temperature, and may vary intra-specifically with genotype. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), the two haemoglobin homozygotes (Hb-I11 and Hb-I22) vary in oxygen affinity at different temperatures, which is thought to correspond to variation in hypoxia tolerance. We therefore tested if hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod 1) depends on ambient temperature and 2) is modified by haemoglobin genotype. In a laminar flow choice box, we subjected juvenile cod to an initial phase of non-escapable hypoxia, and a subsequent recovery phase, where one habitat was kept at 20% O2 saturation while the other was raised in steps to full saturation. The experiment was performed at 5 and 15 °C with Hb-I11 and Hb-I22 cod. Cod responded to inescapable hypoxia by reducing their overall swimming speed and then, at the initial levels of the recovery phase, avoiding the most hypoxic habitat, irrespective of temperature or genotype. Fish recovered quickly as O2 levels increased, as evidenced by increased swimming speed and time spent in the most hypoxic habitat. The avoidance response depended strongly on temperature: the relative reduction in speed and avoidance of the most hypoxic habitat was more pronounced at 15 than at 5 °C. During the recovery phase, stressed fish initially maintained a higher swimming speed in the most hypoxic habitat. However, as O2 increased, swimming speed in both habitats converged. This point of convergence occurred at a lower O2 saturation at 5 °C. Fish ventilation rate in inescapable hypoxia was also higher at 15 °C. Haemoglobin genotype did not influence either ventilation rates or the nature of the hypoxic avoidance response at either temperature, but Hb-I11 cod swam faster than Hb-I22 cod in normoxia at 15 °C. Our results indicate that increased temperature limits the ability of cod of both haemoglobin genotypes to exploit hypoxic habitats. This may have negative future consequences for coastal cod stocks in light of increasing global temperatures and eutrophication in coastal waters. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Skjæraasen, J E Nilsen, T Meager, J J Herbert, N C Moberg, O Tronci, V Johansen, T Salvanes, A G V |
author_facet |
Skjæraasen, J E Nilsen, T Meager, J J Herbert, N C Moberg, O Tronci, V Johansen, T Salvanes, A G V |
author_sort |
Skjæraasen, J E |
title |
Hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (Gadus morhua L.): The effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype |
title_short |
Hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (Gadus morhua L.): The effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype |
title_full |
Hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (Gadus morhua L.): The effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype |
title_fullStr |
Hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (Gadus morhua L.): The effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (Gadus morhua L.): The effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype |
title_sort |
hypoxic avoidance behaviour in cod (gadus morhua l.): the effect of temperature and haemoglobin genotype |
publisher |
Elsevier BV |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.01.010 |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_relation |
usc:6915 URN:ISSN: 0022-0981 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.01.010 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |
container_volume |
358 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
70 |
op_container_end_page |
77 |
_version_ |
1766358255329607680 |