Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density
International audience The effective thermal conductivity of snow, k eff , is a crucial climatic and environmental variable. Here, we test the intuition that k eff is linked to microstructural and mechanical properties by attempting to relate k eff to density ρ snow , and to shear strength σ measure...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research |
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Main Authors: | , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2011
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Online Access: | https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/document https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/file/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%20Earth%20Surface%20-%202011%20-%20Domine%20-%20Linking%20the%20effective%20thermal%20conductivity%20of%20snow%20to%20its.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002000 |
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Open Polar |
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Université Savoie Mont Blanc: HAL |
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ftunivsavoie |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences |
spellingShingle |
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences Domine, Florent Bock, Josué Morin, Samuel Giraud, Gérald Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density |
topic_facet |
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences |
description |
International audience The effective thermal conductivity of snow, k eff , is a crucial climatic and environmental variable. Here, we test the intuition that k eff is linked to microstructural and mechanical properties by attempting to relate k eff to density ρ snow , and to shear strength σ measured with a handheld shear vane. We performed 106 combined measurements of k eff , ρ snow and σ in the Alps, Svalbard, Arctic Alaska, and near the North Pole, covering essentially all snow types. We find a good correlation between k eff and ρ snow which is not significantly different from that of Sturm et al. (1997). The correlation between k eff and a combination of σ and ρ snow is stronger than with density alone. We propose an equation linking k eff , (W m -1 K -1 ) ρ snow (kg m -3 ) and σ (Pa): k eff = 7.114 10 -5 ρ snow σ 0.333 + 2.367 10 -2 . This equation places constraints on the calculation of k eff , ρ snow and σ in avalanche warning models where σ is a key variable. For our samples, we calculate σ from measured values of k eff and ρ snow using our equation and compare the value to that predicted by the French MEPRA avalanche warning model, which uses density and grain type as input data. MEPRA and the prediction of σ based on k eff and ρ snow agree within 8%. MEPRA agrees with observations within 11%. Calculating σ from density only yields values 55% lower than measured, showing the interest of using additional data to predict σ. |
author2 |
Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Takuvik International Research Laboratory Université Laval Québec (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Domine, Florent Bock, Josué Morin, Samuel Giraud, Gérald |
author_facet |
Domine, Florent Bock, Josué Morin, Samuel Giraud, Gérald |
author_sort |
Domine, Florent |
title |
Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density |
title_short |
Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density |
title_full |
Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density |
title_fullStr |
Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density |
title_full_unstemmed |
Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density |
title_sort |
linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/document https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/file/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%20Earth%20Surface%20-%202011%20-%20Domine%20-%20Linking%20the%20effective%20thermal%20conductivity%20of%20snow%20to%20its.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002000 |
genre |
Arctic North Pole Svalbard Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic North Pole Svalbard Alaska |
op_source |
ISSN: 2169-9003 EISSN: 2169-9011 Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588 Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2011, 116, ⟨10.1029/2011JF002000⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2011JF002000 insu-03622588 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/document https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/file/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%20Earth%20Surface%20-%202011%20-%20Domine%20-%20Linking%20the%20effective%20thermal%20conductivity%20of%20snow%20to%20its.pdf BIBCODE: 2011JGRF.116.4027D doi:10.1029/2011JF002000 |
op_rights |
http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/licences/copyright/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002000 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research |
container_volume |
116 |
container_issue |
F4 |
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1797578953046622208 |
spelling |
ftunivsavoie:oai:HAL:insu-03622588v1 2024-04-28T08:11:37+00:00 Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density Domine, Florent Bock, Josué Morin, Samuel Giraud, Gérald Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Takuvik International Research Laboratory Université Laval Québec (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2011 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/document https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/file/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%20Earth%20Surface%20-%202011%20-%20Domine%20-%20Linking%20the%20effective%20thermal%20conductivity%20of%20snow%20to%20its.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002000 en eng HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union/Wiley info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2011JF002000 insu-03622588 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/document https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588/file/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%20Earth%20Surface%20-%202011%20-%20Domine%20-%20Linking%20the%20effective%20thermal%20conductivity%20of%20snow%20to%20its.pdf BIBCODE: 2011JGRF.116.4027D doi:10.1029/2011JF002000 http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/licences/copyright/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 2169-9003 EISSN: 2169-9011 Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface https://insu.hal.science/insu-03622588 Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2011, 116, ⟨10.1029/2011JF002000⟩ [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2011 ftunivsavoie https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002000 2024-04-11T00:36:44Z International audience The effective thermal conductivity of snow, k eff , is a crucial climatic and environmental variable. Here, we test the intuition that k eff is linked to microstructural and mechanical properties by attempting to relate k eff to density ρ snow , and to shear strength σ measured with a handheld shear vane. We performed 106 combined measurements of k eff , ρ snow and σ in the Alps, Svalbard, Arctic Alaska, and near the North Pole, covering essentially all snow types. We find a good correlation between k eff and ρ snow which is not significantly different from that of Sturm et al. (1997). The correlation between k eff and a combination of σ and ρ snow is stronger than with density alone. We propose an equation linking k eff , (W m -1 K -1 ) ρ snow (kg m -3 ) and σ (Pa): k eff = 7.114 10 -5 ρ snow σ 0.333 + 2.367 10 -2 . This equation places constraints on the calculation of k eff , ρ snow and σ in avalanche warning models where σ is a key variable. For our samples, we calculate σ from measured values of k eff and ρ snow using our equation and compare the value to that predicted by the French MEPRA avalanche warning model, which uses density and grain type as input data. MEPRA and the prediction of σ based on k eff and ρ snow agree within 8%. MEPRA agrees with observations within 11%. Calculating σ from density only yields values 55% lower than measured, showing the interest of using additional data to predict σ. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic North Pole Svalbard Alaska Université Savoie Mont Blanc: HAL Journal of Geophysical Research 116 F4 |