A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water
International audience It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exis...
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2007
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-00328220 https://hal.science/hal-00328220/document https://hal.science/hal-00328220/file/acpd-7-10837-2007.pdf |
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Open Polar |
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Université Savoie Mont Blanc: HAL |
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ftunivsavoie |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere Steffen, A. Douglas, T. Amyot, M. Ariya, P. Aspmo, K. Berg, T. Bottenheim, J. Brooks, S. Cobbett, F. Dastoor, A. Dommergue, A. Ebinghaus, R. Ferrari, C. Gardfeldt, K. Goodsite, M. E. Lean, D. Poulain, A. Scherz, C. Skov, H. Sommar, J. Temme, C. A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water |
topic_facet |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
description |
International audience It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exist in the Arctic that promoted this depletion of mercury (Hg). This phenomenon is termed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) and its discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the cycling of Hg in Polar Regions while stimulating a significant amount of research to understand its impact to this fragile ecosystem. Shortly after the discovery was made in Canada, AMDEs were confirmed to occur throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts. It is now known that, through a series of photochemically initiated reactions involving halogens, GEM is converted to a more reactive species and is subsequently associated to particles in the air and/or deposited to the polar environment. AMDEs are a means by which Hg is transferred from the atmosphere to the environment that was previously unknown. In this article we review the history of Hg in Polar Regions, the methods used to collect Hg in different environmental media, research results of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDEs, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDEs may have on polar environments. The research presented has shown that while considerable improvements in methodology to measure Hg have been made the main limitation remains knowing the speciation of Hg in the various media. The processes that drive AMDEs and how they occur are discussed. As well, the roles that the snow pack, oceans, fresh water and the sea ice play in the cycling of Hg are presented. It has been found that deposition of Hg from AMDEs occurs at marine coasts and not far inland and that a fraction of the deposited Hg does not remain in the same form in the snow. ... |
author2 |
Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Fort Wainwright Département de Sciences Biologiques Montreal Université de Montréal (UdeM) Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Montréal McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim (NTNU) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) ARL Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATD) NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) School of Engineering Guelph University of Guelph Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH Institute for Coastal Research Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg University of Southern Denmark (SDU) University of Ottawa Ottawa 4 Hollywood Crescent National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University Aarhus |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Steffen, A. Douglas, T. Amyot, M. Ariya, P. Aspmo, K. Berg, T. Bottenheim, J. Brooks, S. Cobbett, F. Dastoor, A. Dommergue, A. Ebinghaus, R. Ferrari, C. Gardfeldt, K. Goodsite, M. E. Lean, D. Poulain, A. Scherz, C. Skov, H. Sommar, J. Temme, C. |
author_facet |
Steffen, A. Douglas, T. Amyot, M. Ariya, P. Aspmo, K. Berg, T. Bottenheim, J. Brooks, S. Cobbett, F. Dastoor, A. Dommergue, A. Ebinghaus, R. Ferrari, C. Gardfeldt, K. Goodsite, M. E. Lean, D. Poulain, A. Scherz, C. Skov, H. Sommar, J. Temme, C. |
author_sort |
Steffen, A. |
title |
A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water |
title_short |
A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water |
title_full |
A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water |
title_fullStr |
A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water |
title_full_unstemmed |
A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water |
title_sort |
synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00328220 https://hal.science/hal-00328220/document https://hal.science/hal-00328220/file/acpd-7-10837-2007.pdf |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
ISSN: 1680-7367 EISSN: 1680-7375 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions https://hal.science/hal-00328220 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2007, 7 (4), pp.10837-10931 |
op_relation |
hal-00328220 https://hal.science/hal-00328220 https://hal.science/hal-00328220/document https://hal.science/hal-00328220/file/acpd-7-10837-2007.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1797568494800207872 |
spelling |
ftunivsavoie:oai:HAL:hal-00328220v1 2024-04-28T07:58:15+00:00 A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water Steffen, A. Douglas, T. Amyot, M. Ariya, P. Aspmo, K. Berg, T. Bottenheim, J. Brooks, S. Cobbett, F. Dastoor, A. Dommergue, A. Ebinghaus, R. Ferrari, C. Gardfeldt, K. Goodsite, M. E. Lean, D. Poulain, A. Scherz, C. Skov, H. Sommar, J. Temme, C. Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Fort Wainwright Département de Sciences Biologiques Montreal Université de Montréal (UdeM) Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Montréal McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim (NTNU) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) ARL Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATD) NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) School of Engineering Guelph University of Guelph Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH Institute for Coastal Research Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg University of Southern Denmark (SDU) University of Ottawa Ottawa 4 Hollywood Crescent National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University Aarhus 2007-07-26 https://hal.science/hal-00328220 https://hal.science/hal-00328220/document https://hal.science/hal-00328220/file/acpd-7-10837-2007.pdf en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union hal-00328220 https://hal.science/hal-00328220 https://hal.science/hal-00328220/document https://hal.science/hal-00328220/file/acpd-7-10837-2007.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1680-7367 EISSN: 1680-7375 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions https://hal.science/hal-00328220 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2007, 7 (4), pp.10837-10931 [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2007 ftunivsavoie 2024-04-11T00:40:51Z International audience It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exist in the Arctic that promoted this depletion of mercury (Hg). This phenomenon is termed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) and its discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the cycling of Hg in Polar Regions while stimulating a significant amount of research to understand its impact to this fragile ecosystem. Shortly after the discovery was made in Canada, AMDEs were confirmed to occur throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts. It is now known that, through a series of photochemically initiated reactions involving halogens, GEM is converted to a more reactive species and is subsequently associated to particles in the air and/or deposited to the polar environment. AMDEs are a means by which Hg is transferred from the atmosphere to the environment that was previously unknown. In this article we review the history of Hg in Polar Regions, the methods used to collect Hg in different environmental media, research results of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDEs, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDEs may have on polar environments. The research presented has shown that while considerable improvements in methodology to measure Hg have been made the main limitation remains knowing the speciation of Hg in the various media. The processes that drive AMDEs and how they occur are discussed. As well, the roles that the snow pack, oceans, fresh water and the sea ice play in the cycling of Hg are presented. It has been found that deposition of Hg from AMDEs occurs at marine coasts and not far inland and that a fraction of the deposited Hg does not remain in the same form in the snow. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice Université Savoie Mont Blanc: HAL |