New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic
The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Port...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23604 https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
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ftunivsantcomp:oai:minerva.usc.es:10347/23604 2023-05-15T17:29:46+02:00 New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic Silva, Marisa Barreiro, Aldo Rodríguez Villamayor, Paula Otero Fuertes, María Paz Azevedo, Joana Alfonso Rancaño, María Amparo Botana López, Luis Miguel Vasconcelos, Vitor Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Farmacoloxía application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23604 https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 eng eng MDPI https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 Silva, M.; Barreiro, A.; Rodriguez, P.; Otero, P.; Azevedo, J.; Alfonso, A.; Botana, L.M.; Vasconcelos, V. New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic. Mar. Drugs 2013, 11, 1936-1960 http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23604 doi:10.3390/md11061936 1660-3397 © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY New vectors PST Okadaic acid Spirolides North Atlantic info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion ftunivsantcomp https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 2022-06-12T20:29:59Z The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Portuguese coast were surveyed between 2009 and 2010 for three distinct biotoxin groups [saxitoxin (PST), spirolide (SPX) and okadaic acid (OA)], in 14 benthic species of mollusks and echinoderms. Our main goals were to detect new vectors and unravel the seasonal and geographical patterns of these toxins. PSTs were analyzed by the Lawrence method, SPXs by LC-MS/MS, and OA by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. We report 16 new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic. There were differences in toxin contents among species, but no significant geographical or seasonal patterns were found. Our results suggest that legislation should be adjusted to extend the monitoring of marine toxins to a wider range of species besides edible bivalves This work was partially funded by the Project MARBIOTECH (reference NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000047) within the SR & TD Integrated Program MARVALOR—Building research and innovation capacity for improved management and valorization of marine resources, supported by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2–O Novo Norte) and by the European Regional Development Fund, by the INTERREG IV projects Atlantox, Pharmatlantic, FCT project PesT-C/MAR/LA0015/2011, UP through IJUP projects and FEDER cofunded-grant: From Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain: AGL2012-40485-CO2-01. MS acknowledges FCT, FSE and MCTES for co-funding SFRH/BD/73269/2010, Vitor Ramos, João Paulo Machado and Jonathan Wilson SI Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Minerva - Repositorio institucional da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Ramos ENVELOPE(-59.700,-59.700,-62.500,-62.500) Marine Drugs 11 6 1936 1960 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Minerva - Repositorio institucional da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivsantcomp |
language |
English |
topic |
New vectors PST Okadaic acid Spirolides North Atlantic |
spellingShingle |
New vectors PST Okadaic acid Spirolides North Atlantic Silva, Marisa Barreiro, Aldo Rodríguez Villamayor, Paula Otero Fuertes, María Paz Azevedo, Joana Alfonso Rancaño, María Amparo Botana López, Luis Miguel Vasconcelos, Vitor New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
topic_facet |
New vectors PST Okadaic acid Spirolides North Atlantic |
description |
The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Portuguese coast were surveyed between 2009 and 2010 for three distinct biotoxin groups [saxitoxin (PST), spirolide (SPX) and okadaic acid (OA)], in 14 benthic species of mollusks and echinoderms. Our main goals were to detect new vectors and unravel the seasonal and geographical patterns of these toxins. PSTs were analyzed by the Lawrence method, SPXs by LC-MS/MS, and OA by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. We report 16 new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic. There were differences in toxin contents among species, but no significant geographical or seasonal patterns were found. Our results suggest that legislation should be adjusted to extend the monitoring of marine toxins to a wider range of species besides edible bivalves This work was partially funded by the Project MARBIOTECH (reference NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000047) within the SR & TD Integrated Program MARVALOR—Building research and innovation capacity for improved management and valorization of marine resources, supported by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2–O Novo Norte) and by the European Regional Development Fund, by the INTERREG IV projects Atlantox, Pharmatlantic, FCT project PesT-C/MAR/LA0015/2011, UP through IJUP projects and FEDER cofunded-grant: From Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain: AGL2012-40485-CO2-01. MS acknowledges FCT, FSE and MCTES for co-funding SFRH/BD/73269/2010, Vitor Ramos, João Paulo Machado and Jonathan Wilson SI |
author2 |
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Farmacoloxía |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Silva, Marisa Barreiro, Aldo Rodríguez Villamayor, Paula Otero Fuertes, María Paz Azevedo, Joana Alfonso Rancaño, María Amparo Botana López, Luis Miguel Vasconcelos, Vitor |
author_facet |
Silva, Marisa Barreiro, Aldo Rodríguez Villamayor, Paula Otero Fuertes, María Paz Azevedo, Joana Alfonso Rancaño, María Amparo Botana López, Luis Miguel Vasconcelos, Vitor |
author_sort |
Silva, Marisa |
title |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_short |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_full |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_sort |
new invertebrate vectors for pst, spirolides and okadaic acid in the north atlantic |
publisher |
MDPI |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23604 https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.700,-59.700,-62.500,-62.500) |
geographic |
Ramos |
geographic_facet |
Ramos |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 Silva, M.; Barreiro, A.; Rodriguez, P.; Otero, P.; Azevedo, J.; Alfonso, A.; Botana, L.M.; Vasconcelos, V. New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic. Mar. Drugs 2013, 11, 1936-1960 http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23604 doi:10.3390/md11061936 1660-3397 |
op_rights |
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
6 |
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1936 |
op_container_end_page |
1960 |
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1766124562374721536 |