Ground-Based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (Iceland)
The 2014-2015 Bárðarbunga fissure eruption at Holuhraun in central Iceland was distinguished by the high emission of gases, in total 9.6 Mt SO2, with almost no tephra. This work collates all ground-based measurements of this extraordinary eruption cloud made under particularly challenging conditions...
Published in: | Geosciences |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1428946 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 |
id |
ftunivromairis:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1428946 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivromairis:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1428946 2024-02-11T10:05:04+01:00 Ground-Based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (Iceland) Pfeffer M. A. Bergsson B. Barsotti S. Stefansdottir G. Galle B. Arellano S. Conde V. Donovan A. Ilyinskaya E. Burton M. Aiuppa A. Whitty R. C. W. Simmons I. C. Arason Th. Jonasdottir E. B. Keller N. S. Yeo R. F. Arngrimsson H. Johannsson Th. Butwin M. K. Askew R. A. Dumont S. Von Lowis S. Ingvarsson Th. La Spina A. Thomas H. Prata F. Grassa F. Giudice G. Stefansson A. Marzano F. Montopoli M. Mereu L. Pfeffer, M. A. Bergsson, B. Barsotti, S. Stefansdottir, G. Galle, B. Arellano, S. Conde, V. Donovan, A. Ilyinskaya, E. Burton, M. Aiuppa, A. Whitty, R. C. W. Simmons, I. C. Arason, Th. Jonasdottir, E. B. Keller, N. S. Yeo, R. F. Arngrimsson, H. Johannsson, Th. Butwin, M. K. Askew, R. A. Dumont, S. Von Lowis, S. Ingvarsson, Th. La Spina, A. Thomas, H. Prata, F. Grassa, F. Giudice, G. Stefansson, A. Marzano, F. Montopoli, M. Mereu, L. 2018 http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1428946 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 eng eng MDPI AG place:Postfach info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000424119100029 volume:8 issue:1 firstpage:1 lastpage:26 numberofpages:26 journal:GEOSCIENCES http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1428946 doi:10.3390/geosciences8010029 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85040967502 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Bárðarbunga cloud height eruption monitoring fissure eruption ga Holuhraun SO2 info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2018 ftunivromairis https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 2024-01-17T18:06:09Z The 2014-2015 Bárðarbunga fissure eruption at Holuhraun in central Iceland was distinguished by the high emission of gases, in total 9.6 Mt SO2, with almost no tephra. This work collates all ground-based measurements of this extraordinary eruption cloud made under particularly challenging conditions: remote location, optically dense cloud with high SO2 column amounts, low UV intensity, frequent clouds and precipitation, an extensive and hot lava field, developing ramparts, and high-latitude winter conditions. Semi-continuous measurements of SO2 flux with three scanning DOAS instruments were augmented by car traverses along the ring-road and along the lava. The ratios of other gases/SO2 were measured by OP-FTIR, MultiGAS, and filter packs. Ratios of SO2/HCl = 30-110 and SO2/HF = 30-130 show a halogen-poor eruption cloud. Scientists on-site reported extremely minor tephra production during the eruption. OPC and filter packs showed low particle concentrations similar to non-eruption cloud conditions. Three weather radars detected a droplet-rich eruption cloud. Top of eruption cloud heights of 0.3-5.5 km agl were measured with ground-and aircraft-based visual observations, web camera and NicAIR II infrared images, triangulation of scanning DOAS instruments, and the location of SO2 peaks measured by DOAS traverses. Cloud height and emission rate measurements were critical for initializing gas dispersal simulations for hazard forecasting. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Sapienza Università di Roma: CINECA IRIS Holuhraun ENVELOPE(-16.831,-16.831,64.852,64.852) Geosciences 8 1 29 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Sapienza Università di Roma: CINECA IRIS |
op_collection_id |
ftunivromairis |
language |
English |
topic |
Bárðarbunga cloud height eruption monitoring fissure eruption ga Holuhraun SO2 |
spellingShingle |
Bárðarbunga cloud height eruption monitoring fissure eruption ga Holuhraun SO2 Pfeffer M. A. Bergsson B. Barsotti S. Stefansdottir G. Galle B. Arellano S. Conde V. Donovan A. Ilyinskaya E. Burton M. Aiuppa A. Whitty R. C. W. Simmons I. C. Arason Th. Jonasdottir E. B. Keller N. S. Yeo R. F. Arngrimsson H. Johannsson Th. Butwin M. K. Askew R. A. Dumont S. Von Lowis S. Ingvarsson Th. La Spina A. Thomas H. Prata F. Grassa F. Giudice G. Stefansson A. Marzano F. Montopoli M. Mereu L. Ground-Based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (Iceland) |
topic_facet |
Bárðarbunga cloud height eruption monitoring fissure eruption ga Holuhraun SO2 |
description |
The 2014-2015 Bárðarbunga fissure eruption at Holuhraun in central Iceland was distinguished by the high emission of gases, in total 9.6 Mt SO2, with almost no tephra. This work collates all ground-based measurements of this extraordinary eruption cloud made under particularly challenging conditions: remote location, optically dense cloud with high SO2 column amounts, low UV intensity, frequent clouds and precipitation, an extensive and hot lava field, developing ramparts, and high-latitude winter conditions. Semi-continuous measurements of SO2 flux with three scanning DOAS instruments were augmented by car traverses along the ring-road and along the lava. The ratios of other gases/SO2 were measured by OP-FTIR, MultiGAS, and filter packs. Ratios of SO2/HCl = 30-110 and SO2/HF = 30-130 show a halogen-poor eruption cloud. Scientists on-site reported extremely minor tephra production during the eruption. OPC and filter packs showed low particle concentrations similar to non-eruption cloud conditions. Three weather radars detected a droplet-rich eruption cloud. Top of eruption cloud heights of 0.3-5.5 km agl were measured with ground-and aircraft-based visual observations, web camera and NicAIR II infrared images, triangulation of scanning DOAS instruments, and the location of SO2 peaks measured by DOAS traverses. Cloud height and emission rate measurements were critical for initializing gas dispersal simulations for hazard forecasting. |
author2 |
Pfeffer, M. A. Bergsson, B. Barsotti, S. Stefansdottir, G. Galle, B. Arellano, S. Conde, V. Donovan, A. Ilyinskaya, E. Burton, M. Aiuppa, A. Whitty, R. C. W. Simmons, I. C. Arason, Th. Jonasdottir, E. B. Keller, N. S. Yeo, R. F. Arngrimsson, H. Johannsson, Th. Butwin, M. K. Askew, R. A. Dumont, S. Von Lowis, S. Ingvarsson, Th. La Spina, A. Thomas, H. Prata, F. Grassa, F. Giudice, G. Stefansson, A. Marzano, F. Montopoli, M. Mereu, L. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pfeffer M. A. Bergsson B. Barsotti S. Stefansdottir G. Galle B. Arellano S. Conde V. Donovan A. Ilyinskaya E. Burton M. Aiuppa A. Whitty R. C. W. Simmons I. C. Arason Th. Jonasdottir E. B. Keller N. S. Yeo R. F. Arngrimsson H. Johannsson Th. Butwin M. K. Askew R. A. Dumont S. Von Lowis S. Ingvarsson Th. La Spina A. Thomas H. Prata F. Grassa F. Giudice G. Stefansson A. Marzano F. Montopoli M. Mereu L. |
author_facet |
Pfeffer M. A. Bergsson B. Barsotti S. Stefansdottir G. Galle B. Arellano S. Conde V. Donovan A. Ilyinskaya E. Burton M. Aiuppa A. Whitty R. C. W. Simmons I. C. Arason Th. Jonasdottir E. B. Keller N. S. Yeo R. F. Arngrimsson H. Johannsson Th. Butwin M. K. Askew R. A. Dumont S. Von Lowis S. Ingvarsson Th. La Spina A. Thomas H. Prata F. Grassa F. Giudice G. Stefansson A. Marzano F. Montopoli M. Mereu L. |
author_sort |
Pfeffer M. A. |
title |
Ground-Based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (Iceland) |
title_short |
Ground-Based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (Iceland) |
title_full |
Ground-Based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (Iceland) |
title_fullStr |
Ground-Based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (Iceland) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ground-Based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (Iceland) |
title_sort |
ground-based measurements of the 2014-2015 holuhraun volcanic cloud (iceland) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1428946 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.831,-16.831,64.852,64.852) |
geographic |
Holuhraun |
geographic_facet |
Holuhraun |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000424119100029 volume:8 issue:1 firstpage:1 lastpage:26 numberofpages:26 journal:GEOSCIENCES http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1428946 doi:10.3390/geosciences8010029 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85040967502 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8010029 |
container_title |
Geosciences |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
29 |
_version_ |
1790601918417993728 |