Phylogeography and molecular evolution in Procellariiformes : input to the diversification of seabirds

• Main Author: Torres, Lucas
• Other Authors: Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle, Eric Pante, Vincent Bretagnolle
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2019
• Subjects: Procellariiformes; Conservation genetics; Differentiation; Genetic duplication; Mitochondrial DNA; Génétique de la conservation; Différenciation; Duplication génétique; ADN mitochondrial; [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics; Indian; Pétrels; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://theses.hal.science/tel-02995731; https://theses.hal.science/tel-02995731/document; https://theses.hal.science/tel-02995731/file/2019Torres139233.pdf

The purpose of conservation genetics is to protect both genetic diversity and the processes that shaped it, and to understand them. Procellariiformes (shearwaters, petrels and albatrosses) represent many species with high dispersal capacities but a strong philopatric behavior and with strong conservation needs. We conducted a multi-locus study on the Audubon shearwater complex, Puffinus lherminieri, from the North Atlantic and its two sister lineages in the Indian Ocean. We first showed that the genetic markers used here, and typically used to study the phylogeography of seabirds, were subject to introgression, hybridization, heteroplasmy, and the duplication and pseudogenisation of some mitochondrial genes. All of these phenomena have an impact on the quality and quantity of information produced by these markers. We led a comparative study and showed how best to manage some of these data problems and their treatment. We have also investigated the composition of the mitochondrial duplicated region and show that it have a complex evolution within the Procellariiformes and may have an influence on their biology and conservation. Finally, we have shown the influence of continental barriers but especially of sea surface temperature on the differentiation of seabirds. We also uncovered a structuration of the shearwater complex that needed to define new conservation priorities. La génétique de la conservation a pour but de protéger à la fois la diversité génétique et les processus qui l’ont forgée, et nécessite de comprendre ces derniers. Les Procellariiformes (puffins, pétrels et albatros) représentent de nombreuses espèces avec de hautes capacités de dispersion mais un fort comportement philopatrique et avec un fort enjeu de conservation. Nous avons mené une étude multi-locus sur le complexe du puffin d’Audubon, Puffinus lherminieri, du nord de l’Atlantique et ses deux lignées-sœurs en océan Indien. Nous avons d’abord montré que les marqueurs génétiques appliqués ici, et typiquement utilisés pour étudier la ...