Carbon Dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean
The accumulation of carbon within the Weddell Gyre and its exchanges across the gyre boundaries are investigated with three recent full-depth oceanographic sections enclosing this climatically important region. The combination of carbon measurements with ocean circulation transport estimates from a...
Published in: | Global Biogeochemical Cycles |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
DigitalCommons@URI
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/115 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005006 https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/context/gsofacpubs/article/1121/viewcontent/gbc20254.pdf |
id |
ftunivrhodeislan:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:gsofacpubs-1121 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivrhodeislan:oai:digitalcommons.uri.edu:gsofacpubs-1121 2023-07-30T04:07:03+02:00 Carbon Dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean Brown, Peter J. Jullion, Loïc Landschützer, Peter Bakker, Dorothee C.E. Naveira Garabato, Alberto C. Meredith, Michael P. Torres-Valdés, Sinhue Watson, Andrew J. Hoppema, Mario Loose, Brice Jones, Elizabeth M. Telszewski, Maciej Jones, Steve D. Wanninkhof, Rik 2015-03-19T07:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/115 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005006 https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/context/gsofacpubs/article/1121/viewcontent/gbc20254.pdf unknown DigitalCommons@URI https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/115 doi:10.1002/2014GB005006 https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/context/gsofacpubs/article/1121/viewcontent/gbc20254.pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications text 2015 ftunivrhodeislan https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005006 2023-07-17T18:33:49Z The accumulation of carbon within the Weddell Gyre and its exchanges across the gyre boundaries are investigated with three recent full-depth oceanographic sections enclosing this climatically important region. The combination of carbon measurements with ocean circulation transport estimates from a box inverse analysis reveals that deepwater transports associated with Warm Deep Water (WDW) and Weddell Sea Deep Water dominate the gyre's carbon budget, while a dual-cell vertical overturning circulation leads to both upwelling and the delivery of large quantities of carbon to the deep ocean. Historical sea surface pCO2 observations, interpolated using a neural network technique, confirm the net summertime sink of 0.044 to 0.058 ± 0.010 Pg C yr−1 derived from the inversion. However, a wintertime outgassing signal similar in size results in a statistically insignificant annual air-to-sea CO2 flux of 0.002 ± 0.007 Pg C yr−1 (mean 1998–2011) to 0.012 ± 0.024 Pg C yr−1 (mean 2008–2010) to be diagnosed for the Weddell Gyre. A surface layer carbon balance, independently derived from in situ biogeochemical measurements, reveals that freshwater inputs and biological drawdown decrease surface ocean inorganic carbon levels more than they are increased by WDW entrainment, resulting in an estimated annual carbon sink of 0.033 ± 0.021 Pg C yr−1. Although relatively less efficient for carbon uptake than the global oceans, the summertime Weddell Gyre suppresses the winter outgassing signal, while its biological pump and deepwater formation act as key conduits for transporting natural and anthropogenic carbon to the deep ocean where they can reside for long time scales. Text Southern Ocean Weddell Sea University of Rhode Island: DigitalCommons@URI Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea Global Biogeochemical Cycles 29 3 288 306 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Rhode Island: DigitalCommons@URI |
op_collection_id |
ftunivrhodeislan |
language |
unknown |
description |
The accumulation of carbon within the Weddell Gyre and its exchanges across the gyre boundaries are investigated with three recent full-depth oceanographic sections enclosing this climatically important region. The combination of carbon measurements with ocean circulation transport estimates from a box inverse analysis reveals that deepwater transports associated with Warm Deep Water (WDW) and Weddell Sea Deep Water dominate the gyre's carbon budget, while a dual-cell vertical overturning circulation leads to both upwelling and the delivery of large quantities of carbon to the deep ocean. Historical sea surface pCO2 observations, interpolated using a neural network technique, confirm the net summertime sink of 0.044 to 0.058 ± 0.010 Pg C yr−1 derived from the inversion. However, a wintertime outgassing signal similar in size results in a statistically insignificant annual air-to-sea CO2 flux of 0.002 ± 0.007 Pg C yr−1 (mean 1998–2011) to 0.012 ± 0.024 Pg C yr−1 (mean 2008–2010) to be diagnosed for the Weddell Gyre. A surface layer carbon balance, independently derived from in situ biogeochemical measurements, reveals that freshwater inputs and biological drawdown decrease surface ocean inorganic carbon levels more than they are increased by WDW entrainment, resulting in an estimated annual carbon sink of 0.033 ± 0.021 Pg C yr−1. Although relatively less efficient for carbon uptake than the global oceans, the summertime Weddell Gyre suppresses the winter outgassing signal, while its biological pump and deepwater formation act as key conduits for transporting natural and anthropogenic carbon to the deep ocean where they can reside for long time scales. |
format |
Text |
author |
Brown, Peter J. Jullion, Loïc Landschützer, Peter Bakker, Dorothee C.E. Naveira Garabato, Alberto C. Meredith, Michael P. Torres-Valdés, Sinhue Watson, Andrew J. Hoppema, Mario Loose, Brice Jones, Elizabeth M. Telszewski, Maciej Jones, Steve D. Wanninkhof, Rik |
spellingShingle |
Brown, Peter J. Jullion, Loïc Landschützer, Peter Bakker, Dorothee C.E. Naveira Garabato, Alberto C. Meredith, Michael P. Torres-Valdés, Sinhue Watson, Andrew J. Hoppema, Mario Loose, Brice Jones, Elizabeth M. Telszewski, Maciej Jones, Steve D. Wanninkhof, Rik Carbon Dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean |
author_facet |
Brown, Peter J. Jullion, Loïc Landschützer, Peter Bakker, Dorothee C.E. Naveira Garabato, Alberto C. Meredith, Michael P. Torres-Valdés, Sinhue Watson, Andrew J. Hoppema, Mario Loose, Brice Jones, Elizabeth M. Telszewski, Maciej Jones, Steve D. Wanninkhof, Rik |
author_sort |
Brown, Peter J. |
title |
Carbon Dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean |
title_short |
Carbon Dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean |
title_full |
Carbon Dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Carbon Dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carbon Dynamics of the Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
carbon dynamics of the weddell gyre, southern ocean |
publisher |
DigitalCommons@URI |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/115 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005006 https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/context/gsofacpubs/article/1121/viewcontent/gbc20254.pdf |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/115 doi:10.1002/2014GB005006 https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/context/gsofacpubs/article/1121/viewcontent/gbc20254.pdf |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005006 |
container_title |
Global Biogeochemical Cycles |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
288 |
op_container_end_page |
306 |
_version_ |
1772820142413053952 |