Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter
The 2013/14 winter averaged sea surface temperature (SST) was anomalously cool in the mid-North Atlantic region. This season was also unusually stormy with extratropical cyclones passing over the mid-North Atlantic every 3 days. However, the processes by which cyclones contribute towards seasonal SS...
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ftunivreading:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:86345 2024-09-09T19:54:40+00:00 Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter Dacre, Helen F. Josey, Simon A. Grant, Alan L. M. 2020-02-04 text https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/ https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/9/wcd-1-27-2020.pdf https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/1/SST_Dacre_WCD.pdf en eng Copernicus Publications https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/9/wcd-1-27-2020.pdf https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/1/SST_Dacre_WCD.pdf Dacre, H. F. <https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90000932.html> orcid:0000-0003-4328-9126 , Josey, S. A. and Grant, A. L. M. <https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90000767.html> (2020) Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter. Weather and Climate Dynamics Discussions, 1 (1). pp. 27-44. ISSN 2698-4024 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-27-2020 <https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-27-2020> cc_by_4 Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftunivreading https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-27-2020 2024-07-30T14:08:25Z The 2013/14 winter averaged sea surface temperature (SST) was anomalously cool in the mid-North Atlantic region. This season was also unusually stormy with extratropical cyclones passing over the mid-North Atlantic every 3 days. However, the processes by which cyclones contribute towards seasonal SST anomalies are not fully understood. In this paper a cyclone identification and tracking method is combined with ECMWF atmosphere and ocean reanalysis fields to calculate cyclone-relative net surface heat flux anomalies and resulting SST changes. Anomalously large negative heat fluxes are located behind the cyclones cold front resulting in anomalous cooling up to 0.2 K/day when the cyclones are at maximum intensity. This extratropical cyclone induced “cold wake” extends along the cyclones cold front but is small compared to climatological variability. To investigate the potential cumulative effect of the passage of multiple cyclone induced SST cooling in the same location we calculate Earth-relative net surface heat flux anomalies and resulting SST changes for the 2013/2014 winter period. Anomalously large winter averaged negative heat fluxes occur in a zonally orientated band extending across the North Atlantic between 40–60° N. The anomaly associated with cyclones is estimated using a cyclone masking technique which encompasses each cyclone centre and its trailing cold front. North Atlantic extratropical cyclones in the 2013/14 winter season account for 78% of the observed net surface heat flux in the mid- North Atlantic and net surface heat fluxes in the 2013/14 winter season account for 70% of the observed cooling in the mid-North Atlantic. Thus extratropical cyclones play a major role in determining the extreme 2013/2014 winter season SST cooling. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic CentAUR: Central Archive at the University of Reading Weather and Climate Dynamics 1 1 27 44 |
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Open Polar |
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CentAUR: Central Archive at the University of Reading |
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ftunivreading |
language |
English |
description |
The 2013/14 winter averaged sea surface temperature (SST) was anomalously cool in the mid-North Atlantic region. This season was also unusually stormy with extratropical cyclones passing over the mid-North Atlantic every 3 days. However, the processes by which cyclones contribute towards seasonal SST anomalies are not fully understood. In this paper a cyclone identification and tracking method is combined with ECMWF atmosphere and ocean reanalysis fields to calculate cyclone-relative net surface heat flux anomalies and resulting SST changes. Anomalously large negative heat fluxes are located behind the cyclones cold front resulting in anomalous cooling up to 0.2 K/day when the cyclones are at maximum intensity. This extratropical cyclone induced “cold wake” extends along the cyclones cold front but is small compared to climatological variability. To investigate the potential cumulative effect of the passage of multiple cyclone induced SST cooling in the same location we calculate Earth-relative net surface heat flux anomalies and resulting SST changes for the 2013/2014 winter period. Anomalously large winter averaged negative heat fluxes occur in a zonally orientated band extending across the North Atlantic between 40–60° N. The anomaly associated with cyclones is estimated using a cyclone masking technique which encompasses each cyclone centre and its trailing cold front. North Atlantic extratropical cyclones in the 2013/14 winter season account for 78% of the observed net surface heat flux in the mid- North Atlantic and net surface heat fluxes in the 2013/14 winter season account for 70% of the observed cooling in the mid-North Atlantic. Thus extratropical cyclones play a major role in determining the extreme 2013/2014 winter season SST cooling. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dacre, Helen F. Josey, Simon A. Grant, Alan L. M. |
spellingShingle |
Dacre, Helen F. Josey, Simon A. Grant, Alan L. M. Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter |
author_facet |
Dacre, Helen F. Josey, Simon A. Grant, Alan L. M. |
author_sort |
Dacre, Helen F. |
title |
Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter |
title_short |
Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter |
title_full |
Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter |
title_fullStr |
Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter |
title_sort |
extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/ https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/9/wcd-1-27-2020.pdf https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/1/SST_Dacre_WCD.pdf |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/9/wcd-1-27-2020.pdf https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86345/1/SST_Dacre_WCD.pdf Dacre, H. F. <https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90000932.html> orcid:0000-0003-4328-9126 , Josey, S. A. and Grant, A. L. M. <https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90000767.html> (2020) Extratropical cyclone induced sea surface temperature anomalies in the 2013/14 winter. Weather and Climate Dynamics Discussions, 1 (1). pp. 27-44. ISSN 2698-4024 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-27-2020 <https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-27-2020> |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-27-2020 |
container_title |
Weather and Climate Dynamics |
container_volume |
1 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
27 |
op_container_end_page |
44 |
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1809924049776672768 |