[Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008]
The global mean temperature in 2008 was slightly cooler than that in 2007; however, it still ranks within the 10 warmest years on record. Annual mean temperatures were generally well above average in South America, northern and southern Africa, Iceland, Europe, Russia, South Asia, and Australia. In...
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ftunivreading:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:34622 2024-09-09T19:24:37+00:00 [Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008] Heywood, J. Bellouin, Nicolas Jones, A. 2009 https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/34622/ https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate unknown American Meteorological Society Heywood, J., Bellouin, N. <https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90005006.html> orcid:0000-0003-2109-9559 and Jones, A. (2009) [Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90 (8). S39-S40. ISSN 1520-0477 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate <https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate> Article PeerReviewed 2009 ftunivreading https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate 2024-06-25T14:55:27Z The global mean temperature in 2008 was slightly cooler than that in 2007; however, it still ranks within the 10 warmest years on record. Annual mean temperatures were generally well above average in South America, northern and southern Africa, Iceland, Europe, Russia, South Asia, and Australia. In contrast, an exceptional cold outbreak occurred during January across Eurasia and over southern European Russia and southern western Siberia. There has been a general increase in land-surface temperatures and in permafrost temperatures during the last several decades throughout the Arctic region, including increases of 1° to 2°C in the last 30 to 35 years in Russia. Record setting warm summer (JJA) air temperatures were observed throughout Greenland. The year 2008 was also characterized by heavy precipitation in a number of regions of northern South America, Africa, and South Asia. In contrast, a prolonged and intense drought occurred during most of 2008 in northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil, causing severe impacts to agriculture and affecting many communities. The year began with a strong La Niña episode that ended in June. Eastward surface current anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean in early 2008 played a major role in adjusting the basin from strong La Niña conditions to ENSO-neutral conditions by July–August, followed by a return to La Niña conditions late in December. The La Niña conditions resulted in far-reaching anomalies such as a cooling in the central tropical Pacific, Arctic Ocean, and the regions extending from the Gulf of Alaska to the west coast of North America; changes in the sea surface salinity and heat content anomalies in the tropics; and total column water vapor, cloud cover, tropospheric temperature, and precipitation patterns typical of a La Niña. Anomalously salty ocean surface salinity values in climatologically drier locations and anomalously fresh values in rainier locations observed in recent years generally persisted in 2008, suggesting an increase in the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland Iceland Pacific Arctic permafrost Alaska Siberia CentAUR: Central Archive at the University of Reading Arctic Arctic Ocean Argentina Greenland Gulf of Alaska Pacific Uruguay Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 90 8 S1 S196 |
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CentAUR: Central Archive at the University of Reading |
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description |
The global mean temperature in 2008 was slightly cooler than that in 2007; however, it still ranks within the 10 warmest years on record. Annual mean temperatures were generally well above average in South America, northern and southern Africa, Iceland, Europe, Russia, South Asia, and Australia. In contrast, an exceptional cold outbreak occurred during January across Eurasia and over southern European Russia and southern western Siberia. There has been a general increase in land-surface temperatures and in permafrost temperatures during the last several decades throughout the Arctic region, including increases of 1° to 2°C in the last 30 to 35 years in Russia. Record setting warm summer (JJA) air temperatures were observed throughout Greenland. The year 2008 was also characterized by heavy precipitation in a number of regions of northern South America, Africa, and South Asia. In contrast, a prolonged and intense drought occurred during most of 2008 in northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil, causing severe impacts to agriculture and affecting many communities. The year began with a strong La Niña episode that ended in June. Eastward surface current anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean in early 2008 played a major role in adjusting the basin from strong La Niña conditions to ENSO-neutral conditions by July–August, followed by a return to La Niña conditions late in December. The La Niña conditions resulted in far-reaching anomalies such as a cooling in the central tropical Pacific, Arctic Ocean, and the regions extending from the Gulf of Alaska to the west coast of North America; changes in the sea surface salinity and heat content anomalies in the tropics; and total column water vapor, cloud cover, tropospheric temperature, and precipitation patterns typical of a La Niña. Anomalously salty ocean surface salinity values in climatologically drier locations and anomalously fresh values in rainier locations observed in recent years generally persisted in 2008, suggesting an increase in the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Heywood, J. Bellouin, Nicolas Jones, A. |
spellingShingle |
Heywood, J. Bellouin, Nicolas Jones, A. [Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008] |
author_facet |
Heywood, J. Bellouin, Nicolas Jones, A. |
author_sort |
Heywood, J. |
title |
[Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008] |
title_short |
[Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008] |
title_full |
[Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008] |
title_fullStr |
[Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008] |
title_full_unstemmed |
[Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008] |
title_sort |
[global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008] |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/34622/ https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Argentina Greenland Gulf of Alaska Pacific Uruguay |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Argentina Greenland Gulf of Alaska Pacific Uruguay |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland Iceland Pacific Arctic permafrost Alaska Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland Iceland Pacific Arctic permafrost Alaska Siberia |
op_relation |
Heywood, J., Bellouin, N. <https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90005006.html> orcid:0000-0003-2109-9559 and Jones, A. (2009) [Global climate] global aerosols [in state of the climate in 2008]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90 (8). S39-S40. ISSN 1520-0477 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate <https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate> |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-90-8-StateoftheClimate |
container_title |
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
90 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
S1 |
op_container_end_page |
S196 |
_version_ |
1809894482820202496 |