Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity
Sea ice is composed of discrete units called floes. Observations show that these floes can adopt a range of sizes spanning orders of magnitude, from metres to tens of kilometres. Floe size impacts the nature and magnitude of interactions between the sea ice, ocean, and atmosphere including lateral m...
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Copernicus GmbH (Copernicus Publications)
2022
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Online Access: | https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/105966/ https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/105966/1/tc-16-2565-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/2565/2022/ |
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ftunivreading:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:105966 2023-09-05T13:15:56+02:00 Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity Bateson, Adam William Feltham, Daniel L. Schröder, David Wang, Yanan Hwang, Byongjun Ridley, Jeff K. Aksenov, Yevgeny 2022-06-28 text https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/105966/ https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/105966/1/tc-16-2565-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/2565/2022/ en eng Copernicus GmbH (Copernicus Publications) https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/105966/1/tc-16-2565-2022.pdf Bateson, Adam William ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-1239-4161 , Feltham, Daniel L., Schröder, David ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-2351-4306 , Wang, Yanan, Hwang, Byongjun, Ridley, Jeff K. and Aksenov, Yevgeny (2022) Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity. The Cryosphere, 16 (6). pp. 2565-2593. ISSN 1994-0424 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2565-2022 <https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2565-2022> cc_by_4 Article PeerReviewed 2022 ftunivreading https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2565-2022 2023-08-14T18:16:57Z Sea ice is composed of discrete units called floes. Observations show that these floes can adopt a range of sizes spanning orders of magnitude, from metres to tens of kilometres. Floe size impacts the nature and magnitude of interactions between the sea ice, ocean, and atmosphere including lateral melt rate and momentum and heat exchange. However, large-scale geophysical sea ice models employ a continuum approach and traditionally either assume floes adopt a constant size or do not include an explicit treatment of floe size. In this study we apply novel observations to analyse two alternative approaches to modelling a floe size distribution (FSD) within the state-of-the-art CICE sea ice model. The first model considered is a prognostic floe size–thickness distribution where the shape of the distribution is an emergent feature of the model and is not assumed a priori. The second model considered, the WIPoFSD (Waves-in-Ice module and Power law Floe Size Distribution) model, assumes floe size follows a power law with a constant exponent. We introduce a parameterisation motivated by idealised models of in-plane brittle fracture to the prognostic model and demonstrate that the inclusion of this scheme enables the prognostic model to achieve a reasonable match against the novel observations for mid-sized floes (100 m–2 km). While neither FSD model results in a significant improvement in the ability of CICE to simulate pan-Arctic metrics in a stand-alone sea ice configuration, larger impacts can be seen over regional scales in sea ice concentration and thickness. We find that the prognostic model particularly enhances sea ice melt in the early melt season, whereas for the WIPoFSD model this melt increase occurs primarily during the late melt season. We then show that these differences between the two FSD models can be explained by considering the effective floe size, a metric used to characterise a given FSD. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages to these different approaches to modelling the FSD. We ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Sea ice The Cryosphere CentAUR: Central Archive at the University of Reading Arctic The Cryosphere 16 6 2565 2593 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
CentAUR: Central Archive at the University of Reading |
op_collection_id |
ftunivreading |
language |
English |
description |
Sea ice is composed of discrete units called floes. Observations show that these floes can adopt a range of sizes spanning orders of magnitude, from metres to tens of kilometres. Floe size impacts the nature and magnitude of interactions between the sea ice, ocean, and atmosphere including lateral melt rate and momentum and heat exchange. However, large-scale geophysical sea ice models employ a continuum approach and traditionally either assume floes adopt a constant size or do not include an explicit treatment of floe size. In this study we apply novel observations to analyse two alternative approaches to modelling a floe size distribution (FSD) within the state-of-the-art CICE sea ice model. The first model considered is a prognostic floe size–thickness distribution where the shape of the distribution is an emergent feature of the model and is not assumed a priori. The second model considered, the WIPoFSD (Waves-in-Ice module and Power law Floe Size Distribution) model, assumes floe size follows a power law with a constant exponent. We introduce a parameterisation motivated by idealised models of in-plane brittle fracture to the prognostic model and demonstrate that the inclusion of this scheme enables the prognostic model to achieve a reasonable match against the novel observations for mid-sized floes (100 m–2 km). While neither FSD model results in a significant improvement in the ability of CICE to simulate pan-Arctic metrics in a stand-alone sea ice configuration, larger impacts can be seen over regional scales in sea ice concentration and thickness. We find that the prognostic model particularly enhances sea ice melt in the early melt season, whereas for the WIPoFSD model this melt increase occurs primarily during the late melt season. We then show that these differences between the two FSD models can be explained by considering the effective floe size, a metric used to characterise a given FSD. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages to these different approaches to modelling the FSD. We ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bateson, Adam William Feltham, Daniel L. Schröder, David Wang, Yanan Hwang, Byongjun Ridley, Jeff K. Aksenov, Yevgeny |
spellingShingle |
Bateson, Adam William Feltham, Daniel L. Schröder, David Wang, Yanan Hwang, Byongjun Ridley, Jeff K. Aksenov, Yevgeny Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity |
author_facet |
Bateson, Adam William Feltham, Daniel L. Schröder, David Wang, Yanan Hwang, Byongjun Ridley, Jeff K. Aksenov, Yevgeny |
author_sort |
Bateson, Adam William |
title |
Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity |
title_short |
Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity |
title_full |
Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity |
title_fullStr |
Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity |
title_sort |
sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity |
publisher |
Copernicus GmbH (Copernicus Publications) |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/105966/ https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/105966/1/tc-16-2565-2022.pdf https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/2565/2022/ |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Sea ice The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Sea ice The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/105966/1/tc-16-2565-2022.pdf Bateson, Adam William ORCID logoorcid:0000-0002-1239-4161 , Feltham, Daniel L., Schröder, David ORCID logoorcid:0000-0003-2351-4306 , Wang, Yanan, Hwang, Byongjun, Ridley, Jeff K. and Aksenov, Yevgeny (2022) Sea ice floe size: its impact on pan-Arctic and local ice mass and required model complexity. The Cryosphere, 16 (6). pp. 2565-2593. ISSN 1994-0424 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2565-2022 <https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2565-2022> |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2565-2022 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
2565 |
op_container_end_page |
2593 |
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1776197727765397504 |